- The mass of the Cl atom is great than the mass of the F atom.
- The Cl nucleus contains more protons than the F nucleus contains.
- When Cl and F form bonds with other atoms, the Cl bonding electrons are more shielded from the positive Cl nucleus than the F bonding electrons are shielded from the positive F nucleus.
- Because Cl is larger than F, the repulsions among electrons in the valence shell of Cl are less than the repulsions among electrons in the valence shell of F.
Which of the following best helps explain why the electronegativity of Cl is less than that of F?