Quantitative Data Collection �Non-Survey Instruments
Module 8, PUBH 381
Types of data
Overview
Table of Contents
Quantitative Methods
01
02
03
Qualitative vs. Quantitative
Quantitative Data
Non-survey Methods
04
Assessment
Development
04
Examples
01: Types of Data
Qualitative vs. Quantitative
Types of Data
| Qualitative | Quantitative |
Type of data | Text, non-numerical | Numerical |
Purpose | Used to explore and develop theories and hypotheses In-depth understanding of individual or group motivation, reasoning, and experiences | Used to test theories and hypotheses Generalize findings to larger group |
Sample | Small and specific, not representative of population | Large and broad, results can be generalized to a larger group |
Method | Interviews, focus groups, observations | Close question surveys, |
Analysis | Subjective, content analysis | Statistical analysis |
Advantages | Provides depth of understanding, interactive process, promotes | Relatively inexpensive to collect large amount of data quickly No trained moderator needed Faster data analysis |
Disadvantages | Expensive, time consuming, requires trained facilitator/moderator | Cannot go beyond the scope of survey questions |
*table adapted from Section 5.1, Introduction to Research Methods, Eric van Holm, 2021
Module 7
Modules 8-11
Types of Data
| Quantitative |
Type of data | Numerical |
Purpose | Used to test theories and hypotheses Generalize findings to larger group |
Sample | Large and broad, results can be generalized to a larger group |
Method | Closed question surveys, observations, secondary data analysis |
Analysis | Statistical analysis |
Advantages | Relatively inexpensive to collect large amount of data quickly No trained moderator needed Faster data analysis |
Disadvantages | Limited by the scope of the research questions |
*table adapted from Section 5.1, Introduction to Research Methods, Eric van Holm, 2021
02: Overview: Quantitative Data
Surveys vs. Other Methods
Quantitative Data Collection Methods
Surveys
Observations
Purchasing decisions
Implicit Association Tests
Polls
Existing/
archival data
Checklists
Experiments
Games
Vignettes
Most common methods
Problems with Surveys
Survey data are only as good as the survey questions
Response bias
Social response bias- respondent try and please researcher
Non-response bias- respondent does not complete survey
Order effects- order of questions affects responses
Subject to recall error (memory)
Hard to measure subconscious biases
Surveys are an excellent way to quickly collect information but there are some common problems associated with survey data.
Uses �of non-survey data collection methods
Reduce response bias
Reduce
Explore unconscious biases
Explore
Observe interaction between individuals
Observe
Collect accurate information on sensitive information
Collect
Add to baseline data
Add
Follow-up on survey data
Follow
03: Quantitative Methods
Direct Observation
Purchasing Decisions
Secondary (Existing/Archival) Data
Checklist Assessment
Additional Methods
Most common assessment tools:
Observation assessment tools
Health screening tools
04: Assessment Development
Assessment Development� Process
Analyze
Collect
Pilot
Design
Determine
Decide
Assessment Development� Process
Ex. #of people entering facility, # of vegetables consumed daily
Decide what should be recorded
Decide
Assessment Development� Process
Pay close attention to face validity or how the instrument looks
Design assessment form
Design
Assessment Development� Process
Ex. When and how frequently will the data be collected?
Determine data collection intervals
Determine
Assessment Development� Process
Test the assessment form with members of the target population to ensure the form is well organized and easy to understand
Pilot assessment form
Pilot
Assessment Development� Process
Analyze
If using multiple observers, train all users to increase consistent data collection
Collect Data
Collect
05: Examples
Observation Form EXAMPLE
Observation Form EXAMPLE
Health Screening EXAMPLE
Health Screening EXAMPLE
Scored Assessment EXAMPLE
Scored Assessment EXAMPLE