Types of Communication

Dr. Ramnita Saini Sharda

Communication - definition

• the process by which people exchange information or express their thoughts and feelings

Communication in different situations

Forms of Communication

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• Communication
• Verbal

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• Non-Verbal

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VERBAL – NON-VERBAL

verbal

1. spoken as well as written

2. relating to words or using words

Verbal Communication

• Verbal Communication refers to the form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally.
• WORDS are important which are either SPOKEN or WRITTEN
• Objective is to have people understood what we are trying to say

• Verbal communication is defined as communication to express our views, information, and ideas in the form of sound and words. The spoken part usually involves face-to-face communication.
• Communication through radio, television, or mobile phones is also called verbal communication.
• The series of words and grammar rules define the language. Two or more persons can quickly communicate if they are aware of their languages. It might be difficult for people to communicate without a common known language. For effective communication, there must be a common language, which everyone present can understand.
• Effective verbal communication encompasses good relations at the workspace and home.

Forms of Verbal Communication

• Oral Communication:

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• Oral communication implies communication through mouth.
• It includes individuals conversing with each other, be it direct conversation or telephonic conversation. Speeches, presentations, discussions are all forms of oral communication.

• Written Communication:
• Written communication is any written message that two or more people exchange.
• Written communication is typically more formal but less efficient than oral communication. Examples of written communication include: Emails. Text messages.

ORAL COMMUNICATION

In ORAL communication SPOKEN words are used

It includes face to face conversations

Forms of Oral Communication

Formal

Informal

• Face to Face meetings
• Public Address
• Radio Talks
• Interviews

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• Talking to Friends and Family
• Group interaction

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Forms of Written Communication

Formal

Informal

Formal letters, texts, emails

It is more complicated, more formal, requires planning and more time, structured, precise choice of words, can be reread, stored, editted,one-way communication

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Informal letters, text messages, emails, chat

It is less complicated, less formal, spontaneous, punctuation, pictures, smiles, chat – immediate feedback

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Types of Verbal Communication

Public Communication

• The public communication is defined as the communication of a person with the public.
• It involves a massive assembly of people. For example, the Prime Minister addressing the public about the multiple developing projects; Other examples include elections, campaigns, public speeches, etc.

Small-Group Communication

• The small group communication is defined as communication within two or more people.
• The number of people participating in such communication is enough to have a good interaction with each other; For example, school meetings, board meetings, press conferences, office meetings, team meetings, family gatherings, etc.

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• Sometimes, such conversations can become chaotic due to some issues being discussed.

Intrapersonal Communication

• Intrapersonal communication is communication within us. It is also called as internal communication. It includes self-thinking, analysis, thoughts, assessments, etc. associated with the inner state of mind.
• The person's internal thoughts or feelings play a vital role in intrapersonal communication. It also includes various activities, such as solo speaking, solo writing, solo dancing, concentration, and self-awareness.

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Interpersonal Communication

• Interpersonal communication is the communication between us and others over the channel. The communication can be online, face-to-face, video conference on mobile, etc.
• Interpersonal skills are essential, whether we are a manager, employee, or looking for work. Such skills are also known as soft skills that determine how well a person can communicate, behave, and relate to others.

Non-Verbal Communication

• Nonverbal communication (NVC) is the transmission of messages or signals through a nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and the distance between two individuals.
• It includes the use of visual cues such as body language (kinesics), distance (proxemics) and physical environments/appearance, of voice (paralanguage) and of touch (haptics).
• It can also include the use of time (chronimics) and eye contact and the actions of looking while talking and listening, frequency of glances, patterns of fixation, pupil dilation, and blink rate

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Types of nonverbal communication and their effects

• Facial expressions: Facial Expressions are responsible for a huge proportion of nonverbal communication. Consider how much information can be conveyed with a smile or a frown. The look on a person's face is often the first thing we see, even before we hear what they have to say.
• Facial expressions—happy, sad, angry—help you convey your message. Be aware of your facial expression when you talk and particularly when you listen, which is when it’s easy to forget.

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Facial Expressions

kinesics

• Gestures: When you speak, a gesture can make your message stronger. Pointing out something you want your listener to look at more closely is an example of nonverbal communication that makes your message understood.
• Motioning warmly toward a co-worker who deserves special recognition, making a fist to show frustration or anger, such gestures help further engage your audience when you speak.

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Kinesis

• Eye contact: Making and maintaining eye contact with an audience when you’re verbally communicating or listening communicates to the other party that you’re interested and engaged in the conversation. Good eye contact often conveys the trait of honesty to the other party.

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Gestures

Proxemics

• Proximity: How close you are to your audience when you speak sends a nonverbal message. If your size is imposing and you leave a very small distance between you and your listener, it’s likely your nonverbal communication will be a bit threatening. On the other hand, giving someone too much space is an awkward nonverbal communication that might confuse your listener.

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Proximity makes the Difference

Haptics

• Touch: Shaking an audience member’s hand, putting your hand on his shoulder: these are nonverbal cues that can affect the success of your message. Touch communicates affection, but it also communicates power. In fact, when women touch a listener, it’s often assumed that they’re being affectionate or conveying empathy, but when a man touches a listener, it can be taken as a sign of communicating power or even dominance.

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Touch can make a difference

Paralinguistics�

• Paralanguage includes the non-language elements of speech, such as your talking speed, pitch, intonation, volume and more.
• Consider the powerful effect that tone of voice can have on the meaning of a sentence. When said in a strong tone of voice, listeners might interpret a statement as approval and enthusiasm. The same words said in a hesitant tone can convey disapproval and a lack of interest.

Appearance

• Our choice of clothing, hairstyle, and other appearance factors are also considered a means of nonverbal communication. Research on Colour Psychology has demonstrated that different colours can evoke different moods. Appearance can also alter physiological reactions, judgments, and interpretations.

Use of Artifacts

• Objects and images are also tools that can be used to communicate nonverbally. On an online forum, for example, you might select an avatar to represent your identity and to communicate information about who you are and the things you like.

Questions

• What is communication?
• What are the types and forms of communication?
• Explain in detail the Verbal and Non verbal communication.