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PERSONEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

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Definisi

Merupakan peralatan yang dipakai untuk melindungi anggota kesihatan daripada terdedah kepada risiko jangkitan.

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Ia memberi perlindungan daripada transmisi patogen yang boleh berlaku melalui titisan, udara dan sentuhan.

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PPE hendaklah sentiasa berterusan dan anggota perlu menerima latihan tentang cara penggunaan PPE yang betul.

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Kenalpasti risiko pendedahan jangkitan

PRINSIP PPE

Pemakaian PPE mengikut kesesuaian

PPE yang tercemar tidak boleh dibawa keluar

PPE yang telah tercemar dibuang ke dalam bekas sisa klinikal

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Bil

Jenis-jenis PPE

Penggunaan

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Pelindung kepala (cap)

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Untuk melindungi rambut dan kepala.

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Sarung tangan (gloves)

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  1. Untuk melindungi tangan (keperluan pemakaiannya adalah merujuk kepada WHO Glove Use Information Leaflet (Lampiran 1).
  2. Double gloving perlu digunakan bagi kes berisiko tinggi.
  3. Tukar apabila melakukan prosedur yang berlainan walaupun pada pesakit yang sama.

Jenis-jenis PPE Dan Penggunaan

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(Lampiran1) WHO Glove Use Information Leaflet

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BIL

PPE

PENGGUNAAN

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Alat pelindung pernafasan (mask) –

Melindungi saluran pernafasan dari jangkitan mikroorganisma bawaan udara.

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  1. Surgical mask/

3 ply mask

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  • Perlu dipakai oleh anggota yang berisiko
  • Pesakit yang mengalami tanda-tanda jangkitan

respiratori (droplet precaution contoh: influenza)

  • Melakukan prosedur aseptik

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ii. N95 Respirator

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  • Dipakai oleh anggota yang berisiko kepada airborne

infections

  • Seal check dilakukan setiap kali menggunakan N95

Respirator.

  • Melakukan prosedur yang menghasilkan aerosol (contoh

intubasi, suctioning) terhadap pesakit yang diketahui atau

disyaki menghidap jangkitan respiratori.

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Jenis-jenis PPE Dan Penggunaan

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BIL

PPE

PENGGUNAAN

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Alat pelindung mata/ muka

(goggles/ face shield)

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  • Alat pelindung muka berfungsi untuk melindungi muka, mulut, hidung dan mata.

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  • Bagi alat yang boleh digunakan semula perlu dibersihkan dan dibasmi kuman sebelum disimpan

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Gaun dan apron plastic

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  • Untuk melindungi kulit dan pakaian
  • Gaun pakai buang lebih sesuai digunakan.

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Jenis-jenis PPE Dan Penggunaan

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BIL

PPE

PENGGUNAAN

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Wellington boots

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  • melindungi kaki
  • yang telah digunakan perlu dibersihkan, dibasmi kuman dan dikeringkan sebelum disimpan.

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Pelindung kasut

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  • melindungi kasut.
  • tidak boleh diguna semula

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Jenis-jenis PPE Dan Penggunaan

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Topi/Penutup Rambut (Cap)

Apron/ Gaun

Wellington Boots

Pelindung Pernafasan

Sarung Tangan

Pemilihan Pemakaian PPE Mengikut

Transmission Based Precaution

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CONTENT

  • INTRODUCTION
  • ACTIVITIES AT PKD
  • RECOMMENDED PPE BY ACTIVITIES AND RISK OF EXPOSURE
  • CONCLUSION

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INTRODUCTION

  • COVID-19 RISK; HIGH VS LOW VS NEGLIGIBLE; BASED ON FACTS
  • PPE USAGE; OVERUSE VS APPROPRIATE USE VS UNDERUSE
  • IMPLICATION;
    • RISK OF GETTING INFECTION FOR HCW/ PATIENTS/ CLIENTS
    • BUDGET; INAPPROPRIATE USE; WASTAGE

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WORK ACTIVITIES AT PKD

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WORK ACTIVITIES AT PKD

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WORK ACTIVITIES AT PKD

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COMMUNITY COVID-19 SAMPLING

NOTE

  • Any soiled PPE should be changed
  • It is sufficient to change gloves and plastic apron between patients

e.g.; targeted group screening etc.

SETTING: ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS, OFFICE SPACES, CANTEENS/ CAFES AND ANY OTHER AREA

Ministry of Health

Malaysia

ACTIVITY

Performing oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal swab in the community

TYPE OF PPE

  1. N95 mask
  2. Eye protection (face shield/goggles)
  3. Long sleeved plastic apron
  4. Gloves

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COMMUNITY COVID-19 SAMPLING

NOTE

  • Any soiled PPE should be changed
  • It is sufficient to change gloves and plastic apron between patients

e.g.; targeted group screening etc.

SETTING: ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS, OFFICE SPACES, CANTEENS/ CAFES AND ANY OTHER AREA

Ministry of Health

Malaysia

ACTIVITY

Assisting oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal swab

TYPE OF PPE

  1. N95 mask
  2. Eye protection (face shield/goggles)
  3. Long sleeved plastic apron
  4. Gloves

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COMMUNITY COVID-19 SAMPLING

NOTE

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e.g.; targeted group screening etc.

SETTING: ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS, OFFICE SPACES, CANTEENS/ CAFES AND ANY OTHER AREA

Ministry of Health

Malaysia

ACTIVITY

Transporting specimen to lab

TYPE OF PPE

  1. Well fitted surgical mask

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COMMUNITY SETTING

NOTE

  • Staff should maintain at least 1-meter spatial distance when possible
  • Staff should perform hand hygiene as per indication
  • Standard PPE should be available in case of emergencies

e.g.; Quarantine Station at hotel etc.

SETTING: ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS, OFFICE SPACES, CANTEENS/ CAFES AND ANY OTHER AREA

Ministry of Health

Malaysia

ACTIVITY

Managing clinically stable confirmed COVID-19 cases/ Close Contacts at Quarantine Station with

MINIMAL contact with patient

TYPE OF PPE

  1. N95
  2. Plastic apron
  3. Eye protection (face shield/googles)
  4. Glove (when indicated)

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COMMUNITY SETTING

NOTE

  • Coverall does not offer additional protection
  • Do not require body disinfection after completed burial or cremation

e.g.; Body burial/ cremation

SETTING: ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS, OFFICE SPACES, CANTEENS/ CAFES AND ANY OTHER AREA

Ministry of Health

Malaysia

ACTIVITY

Managing body of suspected/ confirmed COVID-19 cases at burial or cremation site

TYPE OF PPE

  1. Well fitted surgical mask
  2. Long sleeved plastic apron
  3. Gloves
  4. Rubber boots

Long sleeved plastic apron

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COMMUNITY SETTING

NOTE

  • Staff should maintain at least 1-meter spatial distance when possible
  • Staff should perform hand hygiene as per indication
  • Standard PPE should be available in case of emergencies

e.g.; Active Case Detection (ACD)

SETTING: ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS, OFFICE SPACES, CANTEENS/ CAFES AND ANY OTHER AREA

Ministry of Health

Malaysia

ACTIVITY

Carry out ACD during disease outbreak e.g. dengue or typhoid outbreak

TYPE OF PPE

  1. Well fitted surgical mask
  2. Eye protection (face shield/ goggles)

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COMMUNITY SETTING

NOTE

  • Staff should maintain at least 1-meter spatial distance when possible
  • Staff should perform hand hygiene as per indication
  • Standard PPE should be available in case of emergencies

e.g.; Enforcement Activity

SETTING: ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS, OFFICE SPACES, CANTEENS/ CAFES AND ANY OTHER AREA

Ministry of Health

Malaysia

ACTIVITY

Enforcement activity at public areas e.g. issuing notice, serving compound, food premise inspection

TYPE OF PPE

  1. Well fitted surgical mask

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OFFICE SETTING

NOTE

  • Staff should maintain at least 1-meter spatial distance when possible
  • Staff should perform hand hygiene as per indication

e.g.; administrative tasks

SETTING: ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS, OFFICE SPACES, CANTEENS/ CAFES AND ANY OTHER AREA

Ministry of Health

Malaysia

ACTIVITY

All activities which DO NOT INVOLVE any direct contact with patients

TYPE OF PPE

  1. Well fitted surgical mask

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HIERARCHY OF INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES

Source: CDC https://wSource: CDC https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/hierarchy/default.html

Administer aerosolised medicine with spacers instead of nebulisers

Place physical barriers Avoid physical exam of suspected/ known cases

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EFFECTIVENESS OF PPE DEPENDS ON:

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ANNEX 8

  • HCW training on donning and doffing of PPE
  • Prompt access to sufficient supplies
  • Provision of adequate PPE according to technical specifications
  • Appropriate hand hygiene
  • HCW compliance
  • Supervision and regular monitoring and feedback by IPC team

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THE FOLLOWING PRACTICES ARE�NOT RECOMMENDED:

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  • Reuse of PPE (donning of a used PPE item without decontamination/ reprocessing).
  • Disinfection of gloved hands
  • Use of gloves in settings where they are not needed (e.g., administration of COVID-19 vaccine).
  • Use of surgical mask in combination with respirator in order to extend the use of respirator

ANNEX 8

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ANNEX 8

Appendix 3 Pictorial on Recommended PPE to be used in Health Clinic

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/N95 mask

3. Disposable plastic apron

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ANNEX 8

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3. Disposable plastic apron

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ANNEX 8

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3. Disposable plastic apron

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ANNEX 8

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/N95 mask

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ANNEX 8

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ANNEX 8

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ANNEX 8

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/N95 mask

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4. Disposable plastic apron

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ANNEX 8

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ANNEX 8

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ANNEX 8

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ANNEX 8

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ANNEX 8

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ANNEX 8

Appendix 5 Pictorial on Recommended PPE to be used in the Vaccination Centre (PPV)

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ANNEX 8

Pictorial can be downloaded from the link below: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1AG3nD_R0K3D84pZAQMJ1RQhSnBKFOeYo?usp=sharing

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PICTORIAL CAN BE DOWNLOADED FROM THE LINK BELOW:�HTTPS://DRIVE.GOOGLE.COM/DRIVE/FOL DERS/1AG3ND_R0K3D84PZAQMJ 1RQHSNBKFOEYO?USP=SHARING

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SESI PRAKTIKAL

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Recommended PPE to be Used in

Health Clinic Setting

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Recommended PPE to be used in PKD

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DONNING POSTER

DOFFING POSTER