Animal Kingdom
Ms. Larson
Sponges
Porifera
Sponges
Body Symmetry: asymmetrical
Obtaining Nutrients: filter feeders
Respiration: diffusion
Circulation: diffusion
Excretion: diffusion
Response/Nervous System: none
Movement: sessile
Reproduction: sexual or asexual
Example (Common and Scientific Name): red boring sponge (Cliona celata)
Interesting Facts: sponges are the simplest organisms in the animal kingdom
Coral, Jellies, Anemones
Cnidarians
Cnidarians
Body Symmetry: radial
Obtaining Nutrients:carnivores
Respiration:diffusion
Circulation:diffusion
Excretion:diffusion
Response/Nervous System: nerve net, but no cephalization. Can detect light and gravity
Movement: motile, use hydrostatic (water pumping) skeleton
Reproduction: asexual budding or sexual reproduction with external fertilization
Example (Common and Scientific Name): box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri)
Interesting Facts: jellyfish can still sting you when they are dead
Flatworms
Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
Body Symmetry: bilateral
Obtaining Nutrients: carnivores, detritivores, and parasites
Respiration: diffusion
Circulation:diffusion
Excretion: flame cells to get rid of extra water
Response/Nervous System: cephalization with eyespots
Movement:motile, using cilia or muscle cells
Reproduction: asexual through regeneration or sexual (can be hermaphrodites)
Example (Common and Scientific Name): European planaria (Planaria torva)
Interesting Facts: Tapeworms can be avoided by cooking meat thoroughly
Roundworms
Nematoda
Roundworms
Body Symmetry: bilateral
Obtaining Nutrients:parasites, omnivores, herbivores, detritivores
Respiration:diffusion
Circulation:diffusion
Excretion:diffusion
Response/Nervous System: cephalization with nerves that go from one end to the other
Movement: motile, long muscles, snake-like motion
Reproduction: sexual
Example (Common and Scientific Name): Human whipworm (Trichuris trichiura)
Interesting Facts: Roundworms have a pseudocoelom
Segmented Worms
Annelids
Annelids
Body Symmetry: bilateral
Obtaining Nutrients: filter feeders, detritivores, carnivores. Simple digestive system
Respiration: gills or moist skin for diffusion
Circulation:closed circulatory system
Excretion: nephridia to filter fluid
Response/Nervous System: brain and cephalization, fairly well developed system
Movement: motile, longitudinal and circular muscles
Reproduction: mostly sexual reproduction, some are hermaphrodites
Example (Common and Scientific Name): red wriggler worm (Eisenia fetida)
Interesting Facts: leeches suck blood, and some doctors use them to prevent swelling
Clams (Bivalves), Slugs (Gastropods), Octopi (Cephalopod)
Mollusks
Mollusks
Body Symmetry: bilateral
Obtaining Nutrients: herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, detritivores, and parasites
Respiration: gills in mantle or moist skin for diffusion
Circulation: open circulatory system or closed circulatory system (octopus and squid)
Excretion: nephridia to remove ammonia
Response/Nervous System: some have simple nerve cords and others have brains
Movement: motile, use a foot or siphon for water propulsion
Reproduction: usually sexual reproduction
Example (Common and Scientific Name): vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis)
Interesting Facts: one extinct group of mollusks is the nautilus group
Insects, Arachnids, Crustaceans
Arthropods
Arthropods
Body Symmetry: bilateral...have exoskeleton
Obtaining Nutrients:herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, parasites
Respiration: have trachea tubes, book lungs, or feather-like gills
Circulation: open circulatory system
Excretion: malpighian tubules, which are like very simple kidneys
Response/Nervous System: cephalization with a brain, eyes, and taste receptors
Movement:motile...relatively well-developed muscle groups
Reproduction:sexual...some internal and some external
Example (Common and Scientific Name): atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus)
Interesting Facts: some arthropods have complex social systems, like bees and ants
Starfish, Sea Urchins, Sea Cucumbers
Echinoderms
Echinoderms
Body Symmetry: radial
Obtaining Nutrients: filter feeders (using tube feet), detritivores, and carnivores
Respiration: skin gills for gas exchange
Circulation: water vascular system with no real heart
Excretion:waste leaves body through tube-feet
Response/Nervous System: no cephalization, but can detect light and gravity
Movement: motile using tube feet and muscles in body wall
Reproduction:sexual with external fertilization
Example (Common and Scientific Name): sunflower sea star (Pycnopodia helianthoides)
Interesting Facts: some sea stars are cannibalistic
Nonvertebrate Chordates and Jawless Fish
Nonvertebrate Chordates and Jawless Fish
Body Symmetry: bilateral for at least one stage of life
Obtaining Nutrients:tunicates are filter feeders, some are parasites or detritivores
Respiration: gills or gill slits
Circulation:open circulatory system or semi-closed circulatory system
Excretion: waste leaves through gills
Response/Nervous System: cephalization in at least one life-stage, simple system
Movement: tunicates are sessile, the rest are motile and swim
Reproduction:sexual
Example (Common and Scientific Name): pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii)
Interesting Facts: Hagfish are covered in slime to protect against predators
Sharks, Skates, and Rays
Cartilaginous Fish
Cartilaginous Fish
Body Symmetry: bilateral
Obtaining Nutrients: carnivores and filter feeders
Respiration: gills
Circulation: closed circulatory system
Excretion: use gills and kidneys
Response/Nervous System: cephalization and developed brain with many senses
Movement: motile, swimming (some with swim bladder)
Reproduction:sexual, some eggs hatch in mother and other outside of mother
Example (Common and Scientific Name): basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus)
Interesting Facts: cartilage is flexible tissue that also makes your nose and ears
Bony Fish
Bony Fish
Body Symmetry: bilateral
Obtaining Nutrients: herbivores, carnivores, parasites, detritivores
Respiration: gills
Circulation: closed circulatory system
Excretion: through gills and through kidneys
Response/Nervous System: brains and cephalization with many senses
Movement: motile, swimming (some have swim bladder)
Reproduction: sexual
Example (Common and Scientific Name): largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Interesting Facts: most freshwater fish are bony fish
Amphibians
Amphibians
Body Symmetry: bilateral
Obtaining Nutrients: young are herbivores, but adults are usually carnivores
Respiration: young have gills & adults usually have lungs and some exchange with skin
Circulation: closed circulatory system
Excretion: kidneys
Response/Nervous System: cephalization, well-developed system
Movement: motile...young swim, adults walk or jump
Reproduction: sexual...eggs have no shells
Example (Common and Scientific Name): Australian green tree frog (Litoria caerulea)
Interesting Facts: they can live outside of water but depend on water for reproduction
Reptiles
Reptiles
Body Symmetry: bilateral
Obtaining Nutrients: herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores
Respiration: lungs
Circulation: closed circulatory system
Excretion: kidneys
Response/Nervous System: cephalization and use many senses
Movement: motile, walking or slithering or swimming
Reproduction: sexual with amniotic egg that has shells
Example (Common and Scientific Name): black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis)
Interesting Facts: reptiles have dry, scaly skin that allows them to move away from H2O
Birds
Birds
Body Symmetry: bilateral
Obtaining Nutrients: carnivores, omnivores, herbivores, detritivores; developed system
Respiration: lungs
Circulation: closed circulatory system
Excretion: kidneys and cloaca
Response/Nervous System: cephalization; well developed system
Movement: motile...swim, fly, walk
Reproduction: sexual reproduction at cloaca
Example (Common and Scientific Name): common ostrich (Struthio camelus)
Interesting Facts: some birds, like ostriches and penguins, never fly
Monotremes
Monotremes
Body Symmetry: bilateral
Obtaining Nutrients: carnivores
Respiration: lungs
Circulation: closed circulatory system
Excretion: kidneys and cloaca
Response/Nervous System: cephalization and well developed nervous system
Movement: motile...walking or swimming
Reproduction: sexual at cloaca, lay eggs
Example (Common and Scientific Name): duckbill platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
Interesting Facts: only three species of monotremes are left in the world
Marsupials
Marsupials
Body Symmetry: bilateral
Obtaining Nutrients: herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores
Respiration: lungs
Circulation: closed circulatory system
Excretion: kidneys
Response/Nervous System: cephalization and advanced nervous system
Movement: motile...climb, walk, jump
Reproduction: sexual...young is carried in an external pouch
Example (Common and Scientific Name): common wombat (Vombatus ursinus)
Interesting Facts: the only native north american marsupial is the opossum
Placental Mammals
Placental Mammals
Body Symmetry: bilateral
Obtaining Nutrients: all types of heterotrophs
Respiration: lungs
Circulation: closed circulatory system
Excretion: kidneys
Response/Nervous System: highly developed system with cephalization and complex brain
Movement: motile...all forms of movement...swim, fly, crawl, walk, jump
Reproduction: sexual...offspring develops completely in mother with a placenta
Example (Common and Scientific Name): human beings (Homo sapiens)
Interesting Facts: mammals are warm-blooded, which helps them live in many environments
Animal Classification
Most Complex ← ← ← ← Least Complex