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Motivation

UNIT - III

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Definition

  • Motive is a force that determine the activity of an individual

Or

  • It is defined as “ Conditions within the organism which arouse, maintain and direct behaviour towards a particular goal – Morgan & King

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Components of motivation

Components of motivation

Need

Drive

Response

Goal

Example: Food is a NEED, Hunger is a DRIVE, Finding food is RESPONSE, Actual Eating is GOAL

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Types of motives

THERE ARE THREE KINDS OF MOTIVES

Primary Motive

Stimulus Motive

Secondary motive

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Primary Motives & Stimulus Motive

  • It is otherwise called “Physiological motives” or “ basic needs
  • Primary motive & Stimulus motives are inborn in nature

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Secondary Motives

  • It is otherwise called Learned or Social motives

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Primary motives

  • These motives are essential for survival.
  • These are caused by the needs of the bodies
  • It comes to action when the physiological balance of the body is upset
  • Primary motives are Hunger, Thirst, Respiratory, sleep, Elimination of wastes, sex, Maternal drives
  • There are inborn in nature

Characteristics

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Primary motives

Primary Motive

Stimulation

Action and Effects

Hunger Drive

When the food supply of the body has been exhausted

Biochemical changes take place in the body that stimulate the stomach to contract which gives hunger pain.

Thirst Drive

The tissues of the body lose fluid

The mucous membranes of the throat become dry and cause sensation of thirst

Respiratory Drive

If oxygen is not supplied even for a short period of time.

If oxygen is not supplied for short period of time there is a chance for brain damage, loss of memory and control over one’s body

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Primary motives

Primary Motive

Stimulation

Action and Effects

Sleep drive

When the body continuous activities without rest and sleep for a long term

Continued activity increases CO2 and lactic acid in the blood and causing fatigue , confusion, inability to pay attention, droopy eyelids, staring, muscle tremors.

Drive for elimination of waste

When the bladder and intestine become distended with waste

It causes discomfort and restless

Sex drive

It is not necessary for survival but it needs for the survival of the species

Stimulated by sex hormones, it may cause tension and it can be substituted by other works.

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Stimulus� Motives

  • These are inborn motive but not necessary for survival
  • They include activity, curiosity, exploration, Manipulation & Physical contact
  • They arise from the fact that animals and humans appear to need stimulation from the environment in order to feel comfortable & Secure

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Secondary Drive

Drive

Effect

1. Need for achievement

  • To accomplish difficult task to rival and surpass others
  • They prefer to work on moderately challenging task which compromise success
  • They like tasks in which their performance can be compared with that of others
  • They tend to be persisting in working on tasks they perceive as career related

2. Affiliation motives

  • To seek and enjoy cooperation with others, to make friends
  • This need is revealed by need to be attached to others through friendship, sociability or group membership

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Secondary Drive

Drive

Effect

3. Aggression motives

  • To overcome opposition forcefully, to fight and revenge injury, to be little curse or ridicule others.

4. Power motives

  • Social power is the ability or capacity of a person to produce intended effect on behavior or emotions of other people.

5. Need for status

  • To achieve a rank in the hierarchy of the group
  • Almost all the individuals have desire to have standing or position among the people of his society or group.
  • Nobody likes to be considered inferior.

6. Need for self actualization

  • Self actualization refers to an individual need to develop his or her potentialities. (ie) to do what he or she is capable of doing

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Need Deprivation

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Need Deprivation

  • When the needs are not satisfied it is called Need Deprivation
  • In other words need deprivation means a motive is blocked.

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Measurement of motives

DIRECT METHODS

INDIRECT METHODS

  • Rorschach Ink Blot Test
  • Thematic Apperception Teat
  • Child Apperception Test
  • Word association Technique etc
  • Questionnaire, Inventories
  • Motivation scale, Check list
  • Naturalistic observation, interview
  • Autobiography etc

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Questions from this chapter

  • Define motive.
  • What are the components of motives?
  • Explain the Types of motives
  • Describe methods of assessment of motives

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Thank You