Eisenhower Doctrine�

COLD WAR

4. Analyze the policy of containment and the Eisenhower policy of massive retaliation.

• Containment
• Massive Retaliation
• Mutually assured destruction
• Roll back
• Eisenhower Doctrine

4. Analyze the policy of containment and the Eisenhower policy of massive retaliation.

• President Eisenhower was determined to continue the U.S. policy of containment using the threat of “massive retaliation”.
• Massive Retaliation: The US would protect itself and its allies with massive nuclear retaliation in the event of an attack (deterrence).
• Mutually Assured Destruction: If one side drops a nuclear bomb on the other, there will be an exchange of nuclear weapons that will wipe both countries off the map.

4. Analyze the policy of containment and the Eisenhower policy of massive retaliation.

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4. Analyze the policy of containment and the Eisenhower policy of massive retaliation.

• Roll Back: Secretary of State John Dulles wanted to “roll back” communism where it had already taken hold (Soviet satellite nations) which means he wanted to force Communists out of countries they control.
• Eisenhower realized that interfering with Soviet satellite nations could provoke a nuclear war so he “hit the breaks” on Dulles.
• Eisenhower sticks to containment instead of “roll back” approach.

1953: East Germany rebels against the Soviet Union…�U.S. stays out of it.

1956: Poland rebels against the Soviet Union…�U.S. stays out of it.

1956: Hungary rebels against the Soviet Union…�U.S. stays out of it.

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The Soviet Union easily crushed the rebellions.

Eisenhower Doctrine

President Eisenhower’s policy that any Middle Eastern country could request American economic assistance or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression.

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The belief was that Russia was the single threat to the region, therefore allowed us to enact this policy to ensure political independence in the Middle East

Sputnik

1957- Russia launched the first satellite into space.

The name of the satellite was Sputnik

This put fear into the United States as we felt we were falling further behind in the Arms Race with the Russians and they could potentially put a nuclear missile on a satellite.

U-2 Incident

Russia shot down a US Spy plane (it was called a U-2 plane) and captured the pilot and posted it all over the news.

They said we were in Russia airspace, we denied that.

This did not help in cooling things off between the two superpowers. This intensifies the Cold War.