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POPULATION

Essential Question: What is population and why do we study it?

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POPULATION

  • Population = Total number of people in an area
  • The world’s population is over 7.9 Billion people

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POPULATION

Most Populated Countries

    • China = 1.44 billion (nearly 20% of world’s population)
    • India = 1.39 billion
    • United States = 331 million
  • Least populated countries
    • Pitcairn Islands= 50 (2020)
    • Vatican City = 801 (2020)
    • Tokelau = 1,357

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Cartogram-A map that changes the normal shape and size of an area according to a piece of info

POPULATION

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Cartogram Based on Population

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Cartogram Based on Population

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Cartogram Based on Population

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Population Time Lapse

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POPULATION PYRAMIDS

A graphic that shows how a country’s population breaks down by age and gender .

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POPULATION PYRAMIDS

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How do you read a population pyramid?

  1. Title- Name of location along with the year.
  2. Gender- One side shows the population distribution of the males while the other side shows the females
  3. Population- Horizontal axis (look at key to see how it is divided)
  4. Age Groups- Vertical axis; typically by five year increments.

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POSITIVE POPULATION GROWTH

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STABLE POPULATION GROWTH

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NEGATIVE POPULATION GROWTH

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POPULATION PYRAMIDS EXPLAINED

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THINK - PAIR - SHARE

  1. Analyze the 8 Population Pyramids on the screen (and the handout).
  2. With a seat neighbor, try to match the Population Pyramid with the correct city based on what you have learned today about positive, stable, and negative population growth.
  3. Share out with the class.
  4. Take 5 minutes.

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Helpful Hints…

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  1. Ann Arbor, MI - University of Michigan
  2. Buffalo county, SD - Crow Creek Indian Reservation, one of the poorest counties in the United States
  3. Fort Bragg, NC - United States Army Fort
  4. Leavenworth, KS - United States Penitentiary
  5. Manhattan, NYC - wealthy downtown, few large families
  6. Northampton, MA - Smith College, an all girls college
  7. Punta Gorda, FL - retirement community
  8. Springfield, IL - average American city

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Buffalo County, SD

Ann Arbor, MI

Manhattan, NYC

Fort Bragg, NC

Punta Gorda, FL

Springfield, IL

Northhampton, MA

Leavenworth, KS

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BIRTH & DEATH RATES

Birthrate

  • The number of people born per year per 1000 people
  • Written as (# births each year/1000)

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Death Rate

  • The number of people who die each year per 1000 people
  • Written as (# deaths each year/1000)

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What impacts Birth and Death Rates?

  • Cultural beliefs about marriage and family,
    • Children to help with farming
  • Access to Health care- doctors, medicine, hospitals
  • Availability to food and water
  • Technology
  • Living conditions
  • Education
  • Urbanization (moving to cities)
  • Opportunities for women

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What is Growth Rate?

The total change in a population in a given year

  • Growth Rate Formula:
    • Birth rate – death rate (plus migration)
  • What does a positive growth rate mean?
    • More people are being born than dying. The population will increase.
  • What does a negative growth rate mean?
    • More people are dying than being born. The population will decrease.

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Let’s Practice Growth Rate!

GROWTH RATE FORMULA:

    • Birth rate – death rate = multiply x 100

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EXAMPLE #1: JAPAN

    • Birth rate: 7.8/1,000 = .0078
    • Death rate: 9.6/1,000 =.0096
    • .0078 - .0096 =
    • -.0018 x 100 =
    • -.18%
    • POPULATION GROWTH or DECLINE?

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Let’s Practice Growth Rate!

GROWTH RATE FORMULA:

    • Birth rate – death rate = multiply x 100

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EXAMPLE #2: INDIA

    • Birth rate: 19.3/1,000= .0193
    • Death rate: 7.3/1,000= .0073
    • .0193 - .0073 =
    • .012 X 100 =
    • 1.2%
    • POPULATION GROWTH or DECLINE?

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Let’s Practice Growth Rate!

GROWTH RATE FORMULA:

    • (Birth rate – death rate) + Migration = multiply x 100

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EXAMPLE #3: United States

    • Birth rate: 12.5/1,000 = .0125
    • Death rate: 8.2/1,000 = .0082
    • Net Migration Rate: 3.9/1,000 = .0039
    • (.0125 - .0082) + .0039 =
    • .0082 x 100 =
    • .82%

POPULATION GROWTH or DECLINE?

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Questions for Understanding

  1. Describe what is happening to a country’s population in the following situations:
    1. Low birth rate and high death rate
    2. High birth rate and low death rate
    3. Low birth rate and low death rate
    4. High birth rate and high death rate
  2. What factors could cause a rise or decline in a country’s population?

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Answers...

  1. Describe what is happening to a country’s population in the following situations:
    1. Low birth rate and high death rate
      • Decreasing population
    2. High birth rate and low death rate
      • Increasing population
    3. Low birth rate and low death rate
      • Population stays the same
    4. High birth rate and high death rate
      • Population stays the same
  2. What factors could cause a rise or decline in a country’s population?

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Demographic Transition Model

WHAT IS IT?

  • Demographic transition is a long-term trend of declining birth and death rates, resulting in substantive change in the age distribution of a population.

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  • VIDEO - THINGS TO KNOW
    • CBR - Crude birth rate
    • CDR - Crude death rate
    • NIR - Natural Increase Rate

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Demographic Transition Model

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Demographic Transition Model

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Related Vocabulary...

  • Infant Mortality Rate- compares the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year.
    • This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
  • Zero Population Growth- when birth rates and death rates are equal

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Related Vocabulary...

  • Negative Population Growth- when the death rate exceeds the birth rate.
    • Creates a problem of finding workers, immigration
  • Positive Population Growth- when the birth rate exceeds the death rate
    • Creates problems of food, resources, housing

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Life Expectancy

  • Life expectancy = Average number of years people can expect to live

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  • What factors affect a country’s life expectancy?
    • Health Care
    • Access to food/water
    • Technology
    • Living Conditions
    • Education

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POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

Essential Question: Where do people live?

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Population Density

  • Definition: The average number of people living on a square unit of land
  • Formula: Total population divided by total land area
  • How to write: # people per square mile or kilometer
  • Example: Japan
    • Population: 126,475,664
    • Total area of land: 377,915 sq km
    • 126,475,664/377,915 = 334.67 people per sq km
  • Practice: Bhutan
    • Population: 708,427
    • Total area of land: 38,394 sq km
    • 708,427/38,394=

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Population Density

  • Manila, Philippines = 111,002 people per square mile
  • Anchorage, Alaska = 171 people per square mile
  • South Jordan = 3,112 people per square mile

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Square Mile in South Jordan

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If everyone in the world stood shoulder to shoulder, we could all fit within the city of Los Angeles!!!

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Population Distribution

  • The pattern of human settlement on the earth

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Population Distribution

  • What percent of the surface of the earth is livable?
    1. 10%
    2. 20%
    3. 40 %
    4. 50%

  • If 70% of the surface of the earth is water, that leaves 30% land to live on
  • About 20% of that land is made up of mountains, barren deserts, and frozen tundra…land that is unlivable
  • Nearly 7 billion people live on 10% of the earth’s surface (about 34.5 people per square mile)

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Population Distribution

  • Are people evenly distributed around the world?
    • NO!
  • Why?
    • Landscape - Steep/Flat
    • Climate - Hot/Dry/Cold
    • Vegetation - Grassland/ Forest
    • Water - Available/Unavailable
    • Resources - Many/Few
    • Industry - Manufacturing/Tourism
    • Political Policies - Encourage/Discourage growth

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Overpopulation

  • The population of an environment by a particular species in excess of the environment's carrying capacity.

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Where People Live

  • Urban = City areas, or areas with large numbers of people
    • In the US, 81% of people live in Urban areas
    • In the world, about 55% live in Urban areas

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Urban Challenges

  • In large, urban areas, the challenge is all about space!
  • Cities have to be creative with so many people in such a small area!
    • Skyscrapers
    • Housing
    • Public transportation
    • Parking

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Urban Challenges, cont.

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Urban Challenges, cont.

  • Urban areas also have to deal with their impact on the environment
  • Pollution
    • Air
    • Water
    • Waste

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Urban Areas

  • Would urban areas have a high or low population density?

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  • Why?

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Rural Areas

  • Rural = country areas, or areas with a population that is spread out
    • In the US, 19% of people live in the rural areas
  • Urban

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Challenges in Rural Areas

  • Lack of services
    • Schools
    • Health facilities
  • High poverty rate
  • High unemployment rate (or low-paying jobs)
  • Loss of population (especially young adults)

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Rural

  • Would rural areas have a high or low population density?

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  • Why?

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SUBURBS

  • Suburban – a residential area that’s part of a city or located near a city
  • Located near cities for services but also contains more land and space

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WHAT ARE SOME THINGS THAT REALLY ANNOY YOU?

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DEVELOPING AND DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

Essential Question: How do people live around the world?

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More Developed Country (MDC)

  • Also known as “developed country”
  • Country that has a highly developed economy and experiences advanced technology
  • Most people work in service or information industries and enjoy a high standard of living
  • Determined by:
    • Gross domestic product (GDP)
    • Per capita income
    • Standard of living
    • Other factors

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Newly Industrialized Countries- a country that has begun transitioning from a primarily agricultural to primarily manufacturing and industrial activity

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Less Developed Country (LDC)

  • Also known as “developing country”
  • Nations with low standard of living but are working towards greater manufacturing, industrial, and technological abilities.
  • Majority of people work in agricultural jobs
  • Typically, these countries have:
    • High levels of poverty
    • Unstable economies
    • Health, nutrition, and education concerns

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Core & Periphery Countries

CORE COUNTRIES

  • More developed countries

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PERIPHERY COUNTRIES

  • Less developed countries

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What is a major difference between MDC and LDC?

  • Less Developed Countries are working towards a level of technology and industry like that of more developed countries.

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IMMIGRATION

Essential Question: Why do people immigrate from one place to another?

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In your notes…

  • Response to one of the following 2 questions in 4-5 sentences

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  • Have you ever moved from one place to another? Why did you move? What was your experience like in the new place?

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  • If you had the opportunity to move out of South Jordan to a new place, would you move? Why or why not? Where would you move to and why would you move there?

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Migration

  • Definition: the movement of people from place to place.
  • Internal Migration: moving within a country
  • International Migration: moving to another country

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Immigration vs. Emigration

Immigration/Immigrant

  • Movement of people into a new country or area
  • “I” for “in”

Emigration/Emigrant

  • Movement of people out of a country or area
  • “e” for “exit”

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European Migration to the United States

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Related Vocabulary...

    • Refugee- a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disasters.
  • Illegal Immigration- when people move into a country without following the proper laws and procedures to move to that country.

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Push and Pull Factors

  • Push factors – undesirable characteristic that makes people want to leave an area
    • Examples?
  • Pull factors – attractive characteristics that makes people want to move to that area
    • Examples?

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Push and Pull Factors

  1. With your partner, separate your cards into two columns: push factors and pull factors
  2. Order them from what you think is the most important to the least important. Write down in your notes the top three in both categories.
  3. Choose THREE push or pull factors. Write down and describe an example from history of people, or groups of people, who experienced these push or pull factors.

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Immigrant’s Challenge

  • What challenges do you think immigrants face when they come to a new country?
  • What aspects of our lifestyle (culture) do you think people from out of the country would find strange/odd/difficult?

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Immigration Videos

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