APUSH - Era 2
1607-1754
The Planting of English America, 1500–1733
Topic 2.2 European Colonization
Explain how and why various European colonies developed and expanded from 1607-175
What international events and domestic changes prompted England to begin colonization?
England and Colonization
Little interest
Internal conflict Protestant Reformation
Lack of sea power (Spanish dominate)
Changes, 1588
“Golden Age”
Motivation
New Queen--Elizabeth I (Protestant)
challenge Spain (Catholic)
Defeat of Spanish Armada
“Release valve”
Increasing population, Less available land
Unemployment
Economic depression
Why not earlier?
Roanoke Island
Sir Walter Raleigh
failure
First attempt at colonization, 1585
What were the significant historical events surrounding the founding and eventually successful establishment of the English settlement known as Jamestown?
Joint Stock Company
early form of investment
allowed individuals to pool money,
colonization was a investment/business
Economic motivation
Law of Primogeniture
only oldest son inherits land
Motivation to move to New World
Jamestown 1607
(Chesapeake Bay area)
passage to India
gold
John Smith
Charter (formal approval of monarch)
Key Historical events
Pressure to make money for Joint Stock Co.
Hardships
Pocahontas
House of Burgesses 1619--local assembly
Representative self government--those that qualified--white males
Example of political development
Political development
Native American relations
De La War till 1614
Colonists push westward
What is the impact of tobacco to the English colonies, specifically in the southern region.
John Rolfe 1612
Grow and Process tobacco
high European demand
required more land/increased conflict with NA
stabilized colonies beginning of plantation system slavery
What were key characteristics of the other major English colonies; Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia?
Maryland 1634
Catholic
tobacco
Act of Toleration 1649
(religious tolerance)
South Carolina 1670
exports--RICE
strong ties to West Indies--slave system
North Carolina 1712
settlers (losers) from Virginia
small tobacco farms
characteristics--riff raff, resistance to authority (think Revolutionary War)
more democratic less aristocratic
Georgia 1733
founded by James Oglethorpe
buffer to Spanish forces in Florida area
place for debtors (serious offence)
How did slavery develop in North America during colonization?
transfer from Portuguese control to English (example of growing power)
West Indies
Barbados slave codes
Plantation system develops
formal slave rules, no rights for slaves, master’s right to punish slaves
System transfers to Southern colonies
transferred from West Indies
include slave system/codes
small farms could not complete