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Course: Fundamentals of Nursing�Topic: Professional Considerations

The Nurses International Community

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COPYRIGHT

NI Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.

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Module Goals

Learners will be able to:

Describe how the nurse can provide client- centered care in the community (consider various populations).
Discuss how community nursing differs from hospital nursing.
Describe the career opportunities available for community based nurses (school nursing, occupational health, parish nursing, correctional facilities, health clinics,disaster nursing, international nursing.

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Client Centered Care

The Open University, 2019

A person-centred approach to nursing focuses on the individual’s personal needs, wants, desires and goals so that they become central to the care and nursing process.
Components of person centered care are:

knowing the client as an individual
being responsive
providing care that is meaningful
respecting the individual’s values, preferences and needs
fostering trusting caregiving relationships
emphasising freedom of choice
promoting physical and emotional comfort
involving the person’s family and friends, as appropriate

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Core Processes of Client Centred Care

RNAO, 2002

The values and beliefs of client centred care can be achieved by practicing the core processes:

Identifying Concerns/Needs
Making Decisions
Caring and Service
Evaluating Outcomes

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Process of Client Centered Care

RNAO, 2002

Identifying Concerns/Needs:

Strategies in order to understand the client’s perspective regarding his/her health and quality of life. Questions to ask:

What is this situation like for you?
What is most important to you?
What are your goals?
What does quality of life mean for you?

Seek to clarify the hopes, wishes, preferences, strengths, needs, and concerns of clients, from their perspective. Ask:

What do you hope happens?
What do you see down the road?

Contact info: info@nursesinternational.org

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Process of Client Centered Care

RNAO, 2002

Making Decisions:

Make the client the key decision-maker in planning care and services.

Spend time with clients in order to understand the situation from their perspective.
Follow the client’s lead regarding his/her desire for participation in decision-making.

Identify priorities for change or action.

Nurses may ask: What’s most important to you now?

Identify options from client’s/community’s perspective.

Nurses may ask: What do you think your options are?

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Process of Client Centered Care

RNAO, 2002

Making Decisions:

Act as a resource for clients in deciding care strategies.
(Clarify and provide information that clients want and say they need, with respect to their health/illness situation)
Act as advocate for the client’s/community’s values and decisions.

Invite clients to participate in all care conferences/program planning meetings.

Contact info: info@nursesinternational.org

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Process of Client Centered Care

RNAO, 2002

Caring and Services:

Involve clients throughout the caring and service process.

Acknowledge the client’s expertise and encourage clients/communities to share their knowledge and skills.

Respect and honour client choices and decisions though they may not be related to the illness/ disease process or health services and regardless of the nurse’s own values.
Use trust-building strategies to develop the nurse-client relationship.

Introduce yourself and call clients by preferred name.

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Process of Client Centered Care

RNAO, 2002

Caring and Services:

Demonstrate respect and value for clients by listening with openness.
Use positive language to discuss clients (Use the client’s own words to describe situations).
Involve family/significant others as per client wishes.
Ensure that the client’s goals are central to the coordination, continuity, and consistency of care.

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Process of Client Centered Care

RNAO, 2002

Evaluate outcomes:

Engage the client in evaluating care delivery and health related outcomes.
Support the client if or when goals cannot be met.
Utilize specific processes that provide continuous feedback from the client’s perspective about the quality of nursing care.
Demonstrate an attitude of openness and a willingness to change in order to improve the quality of care from the client’s perspective.

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Critical Thinking Question

Which of the following are the components of person centered care? (Select all that apply)

Know the client individually
Respect the individual values
Trusting relationship
Physical and emotional comfort
Friendly Relationship

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Community Nursing Vs Hospital Nursing

ASPEN University, 2020

Community Health Nurse:

Maximize the health status of individuals, families, groups, and the community through direct approach with them.
Combines facets of direct care and public health practice to a target population of clients who may not have access to or be able to afford — health services.
Scope of practice includes educating and developing intervention plans for individuals, families, or groups about:

Illness and disease prevention
Safe health practices, nutrition, and
Wellness, among other topics

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Community Nursing Vs Hospital Nursing

ASPEN University, 2020

Community Health Nurse

Community nurses may specialize in:

Home care
Case management
Clinical nursingCorporate nursing (most often called Occupational Nursing)
School nursing
Pharmaceutical nursing

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Hospital Nursing

Nurse Journal, 2021

Work with clients who are injured, ill, and disabled.
Relationships with clients can be less collaborative, seeking less input.
Can easily consult other healthcare professionals in their workplace.
Hospital settings tend to promote personal accomplishments among staff more than in community health settings
Can be emotionally exhausting. compared to community health nursing, leading to higher burnout.

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Career Opportunities for Community Based Nurses

American Academy of Pediatrics, 2008

School Health Nurse:

A specialized practice of professional nursing that advances the well-being, academic success, and lifelong achievement of students.School nurses:

Facilitate positive student responses to normal development.
Promote health and safety.
Intervene with actual and potential health problems.
Actively collaborate with others to build student and family capacity for adaptation, self-management, self-advocacy, and learning.

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Activities for the Community Based Nurse

American Academy of Pediatrics, 2008

School Health Nurse Activities:

Assessment of health complaints.
Medication administration, and care for students with special health care needs.
Managing emergencies and urgent situations.
Mandated health screening programs, verification of immunizations, and infectious disease reporting; and
Identification and management of students' chronic health care needs that affect educational achievement.

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Career Opportunities for Community Based Nurses

Explore Health Careers. Org, 2021

Occupational Health Nurse:

The American Association of Occupational Health Nurses describes an occupational health nurse as someone who “provides for and delivers health and safety programs and services to workers, worker populations and community groups”.
The practice focuses on:

Promotion and restoration of healt
Prevention of illness and injury, and
Protection from work-related and environmental hazards

Contact info: info@nursesinternational.org

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Career Opportunities for Community Based Nurses

Bergquist, 1994
Nurse Journal, 2021

Parish Nurse:

Provide care to a faith community, emphasizing the relationship between faith and health¹.
Faith community nurses, sometimes called parish nurse.

Primary Responsibilities².

Counseling on integrating faith and healing.
Referring clients to other specialists and resources.
Advocating on behalf of individual client.
Developing spiritual support groups.
Recommending improvements for physical and spiritual health and wellness.

Contact info: info@nursesinternational.org

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Career Opportunities for Community Based Nurses

University of Southern California, 2021

Correctional Care Nurse:

Nurses who care for people who are incarcerated.
Correctional nurses perform:

Intake exams:

An initial physical assessment to determine what needs they will have during their time in custody, including chronic health issues, mental health and substance abuse.

Distribute daily medications and
Assess when a client may need to see a specialist for further observation

Contact info: info@nursesinternational.org

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Career Opportunities for Community Based Nurses

Australian Primary Health Care Nurses Association, 2021

Nurse Clinics:

Nurse clinics offer an alternative model of care delivery where the nurse is the primary provider of care for the patient.

Nurse clinics are especially effective when:

clients need to play an active, ongoing role in their health care and treatment diabetes)
Greater client education and understanding is needed (sexual health)
Establishing trust is important (teen sexual health, mental health)

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Career Opportunities for Community Based Nurses

Advent Health University, 2021
Al Harthi et al., 2020

Disaster Nursing:

Refers to a situation in which a health professional, usually a registered nurse or nurse practitioner, responds to a crisis situation¹.
In disaster management, nurses work with other healthcare providers to:²

Identify and plan for risks
Participate in preparedness education and training,
Respond efficiently and effectively in a timely manner, and
Participate in the recovery process with other disaster management teams

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References

Advent Health University, (2021). The FNP’s Role in Disaster Nursing and Emergency Preparedness. https://online.ahu.edu/blog/disaster-nursing-and-emergency-preparedness/

Al Harthi, M., Al Thobaity, A., Al Ahmari, W., & Almalki, M. (2020). Challenges for Nurses in Disaster Management: A Scoping Review. Risk management and healthcare policy, 13, 2627–2634. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S279513

American Academy of Pediatrics, (2008). Role of the School Nurse in Providing School Health Services. Pediatrics May 2008, 121 (5) 1052-1056; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-0382

Contact info: info@nursesinternational.org

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References

ASPEN University. (2020). Public Health Nurse vs. Community Health Nurse. https://www.aspen.edu/altitude/public-health-nurse-vs-community-health-nurse/

Australian Primary Health Care Nurses Association, (2021). Nurse Clinics. https://www.apna.asn.au/nursing-tools/nurse-clinics

Bergquist S, King J. Parish nursing--a conceptual framework. J Holist Nurs. 1994 Jun;12(2):155-70. doi: 10.1177/089801019401200206. PMID: 8195573.

Deering, M., (2020). Faith Community Nurse Career Overview. Nurse Journal Org. https://nursejournal.org/careers/parish-nurse/

Contact info: info@nursesinternational.org

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References

Explore Health Careers Org, (2021). Occupational Health Nurse. https://explorehealthcareers.org/career/nursing/occupational-health-nurse/

Nurse Journal, (2021). Community Health Nurse Career Overview. https://nursejournal.org/articles/top-community-health-nursing-jobs/

Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO), (2002). Client Centered Care: Nursing Best Practice Guideline Shaping the future of Nursing. https://rnao.ca/sites/rnao-ca/files/Client_Centred_Care.pdf

Contact info: info@nursesinternational.org

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References

The Open University (2019). The importance of person-centred approaches to nursing care. https://www.open.edu/openlearn/body-mind/health/nursing/the-importance-person-centred-approaches-nursing-care

University of Southern California, (2021). What to Expect as a Correctional Care Nurse and How to Avoid Burnout in Challenging Settings. https://nursing.usc.edu/blog/correctional-nurse-career/

Contact info: info@nursesinternational.org

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