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Baron de Montesquieu�(1689-1755)    

This was not his original name. His uncle dies leaving him the title Baron de Montesquieu. Imagine taking your Uncle’s name as your name. Trippy, eh?

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Quotes by: Montesquieu

A) “In the state of nature all are born in equal, but they can not continue. The Society makes them lose, and they recover it only by the laws.”

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B) “When the Legislative and executive are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner.”

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C) “There is no crueler tyranny than that which is perpetuated under the shield of law and in the name of justice.”

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D) “To become truly great, one has to stand with people, not above them.”

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E) “If the triangles made a god, they would give him three sides.”

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Where is Montesquieu from?

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Montesquieu (1^st Box)

Autocracy or Democracy?

Montesquieu (1^st Box)

Autocracy or Democracy?

BOTH

(Leaning towards autocracy)

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Baron de Montesquieu

Ideal form of government:

Baron de Montesquieu

Ideal form of government:

Social Contract

Baron de Montesquieu

Ideal form of government:

Separation of Power

Baron de Montesquieu

Ideal form of government:

Separation of Power

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Baron de Montesquieu

Main reasons:

Separation of Powers = 3 B……… of Govt?

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Baron de Montesquieu

Main Reasons:

Separation of Powers = 3 Branches of Govt?

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Baron de Montesquieu

Main Reasons:

Separation of Powers = 3 Branches of Govt.

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Baron de Montesquieu

Main Reasons:

Separation of Powers = 3 Branches of Govt.

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Baron de Montesquieu

Main Reasons:

Separation of Powers = 3 Branches of Govt.

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Baron de Montesquieu

Main Reasons:

WAKE UP, AMERICA!

What is wrong here?

Separation of Powers = 3 Branches of Govt.

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Baron de Montesquieu

Main Reasons:

Switch, right?

Separation of Powers = 3 Branches of Govt.

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Baron de Montesquieu

Main Reasons:

NO! These two… be sure to know and review what you write in this class. Mr P will LIE to you both knowingly and unknowingly. Be responsible for your own learning.

Separation of Powers = 3 Branches of Govt.

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Baron de Montesquieu

Main Reasons:

NO! These two… be sure to know and review what you write in this class. Mr P will LIE to you both knowingly and unknowingly. Be responsible for your own learning.

Separation of Powers = 3 Branches of Govt.

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Baron de Montesquieu

Main Reasons:

Separation of Powers = 3 Branches of Govt.

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Baron de Montesquieu

Main Reasons:

Separation of Powers = 3 Branches of Govt.

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Baron de Montesquieu

Main Reasons:

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Checks and Balances?

Separation of Powers = 3 Branches of Govt.

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Baron de Montesquieu

Main Reasons:

Back to main

Checks and Balances?

Baron de Montesquieu

Can People be Trusted?:

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Baron de Montesquieu

Can People be Trusted?:

Yes, but w/ people always checking on one another.

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Checks & Balances

Executive

Legislative

Judicial

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WHERE DOES MONTESQUIEU FIT ON THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM?

SEPARATION OF POWER

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Plato

427 B.C.-347 B.C

Socrates’ student

Wrote The Republic (Allegory of the Cave)

“Cities will not have no respite from evil, my dear Glaucon, nor will the human race, I think, unless philosophers rule as kings in the cities, or those whom we now call kings and rulers genuinely and adequately study philosophy, until, that is, political power and philosophy coalesce.”

This is part of Plato’s theory on and ideal society. He states that this theory can never be a reality, but they “can exist precisely in practice.” (Remember that Plato tried and failed to educate Dionysius II, the tyrant of Syracuse, in a philosophical way.)

A) “One of the penalties for refusing to participate in politics is you end up being governed by your inferiors.”

B) “Wise men speak because they have something to say; Fools because they have to say something.”

C) “Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly, while bad people find a way around laws.”

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Where is Plato from?

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Plato (1^st Box)

Autocracy or Democracy?

Plato (1^st Box)

Autocracy or Democracy?

Both

Leans toward Democracy

Plato (1^st Box)

Autocracy or Democracy?

Neither

Leans toward Auto

Plato

Ideal Form of Government:

Plato

Ideal Form of Government:

a) Disagreed w/ Both

b) “Philosopher Kings”

Plato

Main Reasons:

Plato

Main Reasons:

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Plato

Main Reasons:

a) Democracy = people are ignorant

Autocracy = leaders become corrupt

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b) Educate people how to be good citizens

c) Talent determines a person’s role in society & not social class (Sound familiar = The G_____?)

d) Feared mob rule (remember Socrates?)

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Plato

Main Reasons:

a) Democracy = people are ignorant

Autocracy = leaders become corrupt

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b) Educate people how to be good citizens

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c) Talent determines a person’s role in society & not social class

(Sound familiar = The Giver?)

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d) Feared mob rule (remember Socrates?)

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Plato

Can people be trusted?:

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Plato

Can people be trusted?:

Yes, as long as they read the Republic

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Plato

Can people be trusted?:

No, only “philosopher kings” b/c they are smart and can lead society.

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WHERE DOES PLATO FIT ON THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM?

PHILOSOPHER KING

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Jean Jacques Rousseau

Opening line in The Social Contract:

“Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains!”

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1. “Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.”

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B) “What wisdom can you find that is greater than kindness?”

(1712-1778)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

FAMOUS BOOKS BY JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU

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Where is Rousseau from?

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ROUSSEAU (1st Box)

Autocracy or Democracy?

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ROUSSEAU (1st Box)

Autocracy or Democracy?

DEMO

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Rousseau

Ideal Form of Government:

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Rousseau

Ideal Form of Government:

Social Contract

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Rousseau

Ideal Form of Government:

Direct Democracy

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Rousseau

Main Reason:

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Rousseau

Main Reason:

Government = people should have direct say in how society is run.

People can only be free if they decide their destiny.

Gee, sounds like what bearded man?

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Rousseau

Can People be Trusted?:

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Rousseau

Can People be Trusted?:

Yes, if not corrupted by the

Government, Schools, Media & Leaders (modern world)

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WHERE DOES ROUSSEAU FIT ON THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM?

Back to Main

DIRECT

DEMOCRACY

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First Modern Feminist

Daughter Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein

A) “No man chooses evil because it is evil; he only mistakes it for happiness, the good he seeks.”

B) “Strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience.”

C) “It is time to affect a revolution in female manners – time to restore to them their lost dignity.

D) I do not wish women power over men, but over themselves.

Where is Mary Wollstonecraft from?

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MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT

Autocracy or Democracy?

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT

Autocracy or Democracy?

DEMO

Mary Wollstonecraft

Ideal Form of Government:

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Mary Wollstonecraft

Ideal Form of Government:

Democracy

(includes women)

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Mary Wollstonecraft

Main Reasons:

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Mary Wollstonecraft

Main Reasons:

Women = treated unfairly

Women = should have equal rights as a person and not a gender.

“Mind knows no sex.”

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Mary Wollstonecraft

Can people be trusted?:

Mary Wollstonecraft

Can people be trusted?

NOT if men take advantage of their “greater power”

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WHERE DOES MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT FIT ON THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM?

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DEMOCRACY

including Women

(silent 51%)

Tutored Alexander the Great

“Democracy means popular seizure of power by the poor and the oppression of the rich. Here, we must never lose sight of the republican principle: all power must be exercised to serve the public interest.”

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“Demagoguery, who has the illusion to the people he governs to override the sovereignty of the law decrees, demagogues assign all cases to the people, for their own power can only gain. They seem to leave the decision to the crowd, but actually having captured the confidence of the multitude it is they who rule under the guide of popular will.”

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Where is Aristotle from?

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Aristotle (1st Box)

Democracy or Autocracy?

Aristotle (1st Box)

Democracy or Autocracy?

Democracy

(Middle)

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Aristotle (1st Box)

Democracy or Autocracy?

Democracy

(Middle)

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Aristotle

Ideal Form of Government:

Aristotle

Ideal Form of Government:

Educated

Middle Class Rule

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Aristotle

Main Reasons:

Aristotle

Main Reasons:

NOT the Rich

too arrogant, thought they were better than everyone else

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NOT the Poor

probably too vengeful

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NOT the Philosophers

too smart & would do all the work

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Aristotle

Main Reasons:

NOT the Rich

too arrogant, thought they were better than everyone else

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NOT the Poor

probably too vengeful

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NOT the Philosophers

too smart & would do all the work

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Aristotle

Can People be Trusted?:

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Aristotle

Can People be Trusted?:

Yes, but only the EDUCATED middle class

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Aristotle

Can People be Trusted?:

Yes, but only the EDUCATED middle class

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Is that you? Then you should be able to answer the following:

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“He who trusts any man with supreme power gives it to a wild beast, for such his appetite sometimes makes him: passion influences those in power, even the best of men, but law is reason without desire…” --- Aristotle

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According to Aristotle,

what should the educated Middle Class have faith in?

a) Leaders B) Government C) Law d) Elections

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WHERE DOES ARISTOTLE FIT ON THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM?

ARISTOTLE

EDUCATED MIDDLE CLASS RULE

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ELIZABETH I

(1558-1603)

Francis Bacon, writer of the 'Essays', was one of the queen's lawyers.

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Francis Bacon, writer of the 'Essays', was one of the queen's lawyers.

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1) Father = Henry VIII 2) Sister was Mary (Bloody Mary) 3) Virgin Queen (never married)

4) Ever wonder why US State Virginia was named Virginia?

5) Francis Bacon was her lawyer. (Look for his Quotes)

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1. “I do not want a husband who honors me as a queen, if he does not love me as a woman.”

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• “I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too.”

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• “One man with a head on his shoulders is worth a dozen without.”

Where is Queen Elizabeth from?

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QUEEN ELIZABETH

Autocracy & Democracy?

QUEEN ELIZABETH

Autocracy & Democracy?

AUTO

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Queen Elizabeth I

Ideal Form of Government:

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Queen Elizabeth I

Ideal Form of Government:

Wants an absolute monarchy but Parliament’s power keeps her to a

limited monarchy

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Queen Elizabeth I

Main Reasons:

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Queen Elizabeth I

Main Reasons:

Society = hierarchy,

w/ each person in his or her own place

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Divine Right

Queen at top, but to King if she married

lords

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Queen Elizabeth I

Main Reasons:

Society = hierarchy,

w/ each person in his or her own place

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Divine Right

Queen at top, but to King if she married

lords

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Queen Elizabeth I

Can People be Trusted?

Queen Elizabeth I

Can People be Trusted?:

No, parliament had to be watched

Queen Elizabeth = Queen Mother

Everyone else = her “children”

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Parliament

Queen

WHERE DOES QUEEN ELIZABETH FIT ON THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM?

Back to Main

DIVINE RIGHT

Thomas Hobbes

(1588-1679)                         

Wrote the Leviathan

“The only way to build a common power is to entrust the power and strength to one man, or Assembly that would reduce all their wills, by majority rule in a single will. That is to say, appoint a man or a meeting, to assume the personality of the people and that everyone admits and recognizes as the author of anything done or would have done so, as to those things which concern the Peace and Security Policy, who has assumed their personality, and each, therefore, submit to his will and the will to trial and trial of this man or this meeting. The multitude, and united in one person is well known Republic. This is the generation of that great Leviathan.”

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Where is Thomas Hobbes from?

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Thomas Hobbes (1st Box)

Autocracy & Democracy?

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Thomas Hobbes (1st Box)

Autocracy & Democracy?

DEMO

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Thomas Hobbes (1st Box)

Autocracy & Democracy?

DEMO

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Thomas Hobbes (1st Box)

Autocracy & Democracy?

AUTO

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Thomas Hobbes

Ideal Form of Government:

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Thomas Hobbes

Ideal Form of Government:

Absolute Monarchy

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Thomas Hobbes

Main Reason for Government:

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Thomas Hobbes

Main Reason for Government:

1) People = selfish and evil!

2) Need someone to rule them all

3) “Naturally wicked”

4) “Fear and I are twins.”

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Thomas Hobbes

Can People be Trusted?:

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Back to Main

Thomas Hobbes

Can People be Trusted?:

YES!

“People are born naturally good”

Everyone wants to be good but society turns them selfish & evil

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Thomas Hobbes

Can People be Trusted?:

YES!

“People are born naturally good”

Everyone wants to be good but society turns them selfish & evil

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Thomas Hobbes

Can People be Trusted?:

NO!

“People are born naturally wicked”

Everyone is selfish

Born evil or bad

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WHERE DOES THOMAS HOBBES FIT ON THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM?

ABSOLUTE

MONARCHY

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Life, liberty and the pursuit of…?

A) “The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom. For in all the states of created beings capable of law, where there is no law, there is no freedom.”

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B) “Man… hath by nature a power… to preserve his property – that is, his life, liberty, and estate – against the injuries and attempts of other men.”

C) “All mankind… being all created equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions.”

D) “Whenever the power that is put in any hands for the government of the people, and the protection of our properties, is applied to other ends, and made use of to impoverish, harass or subdue them to arbitrary and irregular commands of those that have it; there it presently becomes tyranny, whether those that thus use it are one or many.”

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E) “A state also of equality, wherein all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another.”

F) (Equality is..) “That equal right which every man hath, to his natural freedom, without being subjected to will or authority of any other man.”

G) “Government being for the preservation of every man’s right and property, by preserving him from the violence or injury of others, is for the good of the governed.”

H) “Tyranny is the exercise of power beyond right, which nobody can have a right to.”

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Where is John Locke from?

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John Locke (1st Box)

Autocracy & Democracy?

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John Locke (1st Box)

Autocracy & Democracy?

DEMO

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John Locke

Ideal Form of Government:

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John Locke

Ideal Form of Government:

Democracy

Representative Demo instead of Direct Demo

☺ ☹

w/ a strong SOCIAL CONTRACT

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John Locke

Main Reasons:

Prepare to write more here than the other boxes.

Write small. You’ll need the space. ☺

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John Locke

Main Reasons:

Purpose of government was to…

Wait until this section is all explained before writing. ☺

John Locke

Main Reasons:

Purpose of a government is to

protect people’s rights

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John Locke

Main Reasons:

Peoples rights were…?

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John Locke

Main Reasons:

Peoples rights were…

1) right to freedom

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John Locke

Main Reasons:

Peoples rights were…

1) right to freedom

2) right to property

John Locke

Main Reasons:

Peoples rights were…

1) right to freedom

2) right to property

3) right to rebel

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John Locke

Main Reasons:

Peoples rights were…

1) right to freedom

2) right to property

3) right to rebel

4) form new government

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John Locke

Main Reasons:

Purpose of a government

protect people’s rights

People’s rights

right to freedom, to property & to rebel.

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John Locke

Main Reasons:

Govt. Purpose = Protect people’s rights

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People’s rights = Right to freedom, property & to rebel.

Right to rebel

Form new govt. if old govt. abuses peoples’ rights.

Citizens should have power.

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Now you can start writing in the 3^rd Box ☺

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John Locke

Can People be trusted?

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John Locke

Can People be trusted?

Yes! people should overthrow govt. if it isn’t good.

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WHERE DOES JOHN LOCKE FIT ON THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM?

SOCIAL CONTRACT

MAGNA CARTA

(1215)

BILL OF RIGHTS

(1791)

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Reigned for 72 years, 54 of them he personally controlled French government.

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1. “It is legal because I wish it.”

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• “I am the state.”

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• “Has God forgotten all I have done for Him.”

Where is King Louis XIV from?

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King Louis XIV (Sun King)�House of Bourbon

Palace of Versailles

Palace of Versailles

King Louis XIV (1st Box)

Autocracy & Democracy?

King Louis XIV (1st Box)

Autocracy & Democracy?

AUTO

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King Louis XIV

Ideal Form of Government:

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King Louis XIV

Ideal Form of Government:

Limited Monarchy

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King Louis XIV

Ideal Form of Government:

Absolute Monarchy

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I have all the power

King Louis XIV

Main Reasons:

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King Louis XIV

Main Reasons:

a) Divine Right = God’s power given to King.

b) Faster & more efficient decisions

c) He is informed of everything in his country

d) He has power to decide everything

(Spend Money, Military decisions, etc)

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King Louis XIV

Could people be trusted?

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Quote:

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King Louis XIV

Could people be trusted?

NO!

Quote:

“I am the state”

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Divine Right

I am the Sun King

WHERE DOES KING LOUIS XIV FIT ON THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM?

ABSOLUTE

MONARCHY

DIVINE RIGHT

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