Leased-Line Internet�(전용선 기반 인터넷 )

2021.06.22

Youn, Jinhyoun

윤진현

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2021 kr4050 Workshop, KRNET 2022.07.02

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Table of Contents

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1. Timeline
2. 1980s : Dial Up
3. 1990s : Leased-Line – HANA/SDN Consortium
4. 1990s : Leases-Lin – Network Development
5. Evaluation 1: Substantial Increase on the internet applications
6. Evaluation 2: Autonomous Problem Solving Culture
7. Evaluation 3: Overseas Cooperation
8. Concluding Remarks: Impact to Domestic Industry

References

Backup

1. Timeline

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CSNET

NSFNET

1979

SDN-UUCPNET

HANA/SDN-NSFNET

‘83 Dial Up

1.2/2.4/9.6 Kbps �

1981

1985

SDN-CSNET

KREONET-NSFNET

UUCPNET

USA

Dial-Up

Leased Line

‘84 Dial Up

2.4/9.6Kbps^*

‘90 Leased Line� 56Kbps^**

‘93 256Kbps

‘90 Leased Line� 56 Kbps �

1969

ARPANET

1983

1984

1990

KOREA

Global

Internet

^* ’86 TCP/IP over X.25

^** Satellite. ’91 Undersea Cable

2. 1980s: Dial Up Internet

1. UUCPNET
1. KAIST/SDN to Netherland(mcvax) and USA(hplabs, seismo) (1983)
2. ASIANET(1984)
3. Dialup with International Telephone Network: 1200bps ~ 9600bps
2. CSNET
• KAIST/SDN – CSNET in USA
• Dialup with International Telephone Network: 2400bps~9600bps
• Mainly for email application

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3. 1990s: Leased-Line – HANA/SDN Consortium (1989)

1. Internet Consortium – Multi-stakeholder Participation
1. Telco (KT, Dacom), Industry (Samsung, LG,…), National Research Lab. (ETRI,..), � University (KAIST, POSTECH), and Individuals

2) Policy, Network Development and Operation, Finance and Other Management

2. HANA Network for First Leased-Line Internet with Link to NSFNET

1) Self Governance with Self Fund Raising (Operation Cost of 150 million won/year)

2) Application Development Beyond Email – File Transfer, Game,…

3) Major Internet in Korea prior to Commercial Internet

3. Various Management, and Leading Technology Development Organization

1) ANC, SG-INET, Working Groups (NOG/CACHE/MBONE/WWW), KRNET

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4. 1990s: Leased-Line Network전용선

1. First Leased-Line Links to NSFNET (1990)

1) HANA/SDN – PACCOM : 56Kbps

2) KREONET – CERFNET : 56Kbps

• HANA/SDN: Bandwidth Upgrades
1. Transfer HANA/SDN Operation to KTRC (1992)
2. International Gateway Node at KTRC (1993)
1. Bandwidth Increase (56Kbps 🡪 256Kbps)
2. Bandwidth Increase (Seoul – Daedeok with T1)
3. Network Routing Protocol

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초기 국내 인터넷 해외연결도

([ANC91-021]Domestic Routing for Internet Connection재구성)

US Internet (NSFNET)

HANA/SDN

KREONET

56 Kbps

56 Kbps

Korea Internet

5. Evaluation 1: Increase on Internet Usage

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1. Upgrade of International Link : 9.6 Kbps 🡪 56/256 Kbps
2. Explosive Increase on International Traffic

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Annual Traffic (SDN)

1984

1988

1991

1993

39M

355G

10 MB

100 MB

1 GB

10 GB

100 GB

9G

12M

Dial-Up

Leased-Line

3 times

[1984-1988]

200+ times

[1988-1991]

40 times

[1991-1993]

6. Evaluation 2: Autonomous Problem Solving Culture

1. Preparation for Overseas Links (IP Address, .kr Domain) : SDN Task
2. Overseas Leased-Line Connection: HANA/SDN Budget
3. Domestic Network Connection and Operation: SG-INET, NOG,…
4. Network Management Policy: Academic Network Council (ANC)

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🡺 Knowhow Development based on Overseas Network Cooperation

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7. Evaluation 3: Lead Overseas Cooperation

1. Active International Networking

- North America/Europe (NSFNET/UUCP/CSNET, Internet), Asia (APNG/APAN)

• Lead Conferences, and Standardization

- PCCS(Pacific Computer Communication Symposium, 1985) and Other Conferences

- Active Participation to IETF and Other Standard Organizations

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8. Concluding Remark: Impact to Domestic Industry

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• Contribution to Development of Commercial Internet Service

- Early participation of Telecommunication Service Providers

- Transfer of Industry-University-Research Lab Cooperation Knowhow to Industry

• Rapid User Development and Various Application Development

- Autonomous organizational and individual internet access

- Internet usage without individual traffic charge

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Bibliography

1. Kilnam Chon, An Asian Internet Histrory, First Decade (1980s)
2. Kilnam Chon, A History of Computer Network and the Internet in Korea, IEEEE, 2013
3. Jungbae An, Korean Internet History, 2014.
4. Korea Telecom Research Center, 1993 Research Plan(11), 1993

5. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network Consortium(APAN), 1999

6 . KH Cho, Domestic Routing for Internet Connection (ANC-91-021), ANC, 1991

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Backup 1: 전용선 이전 해외 연결 비용

1. 사용량 기반 과금으로 초기 사용량/사용방식에 제약
1. 종량 기반 국제전화요금의 과도한 비용: 1200 bps,12MB, 2.4천만원, 1984
2. 데이터 교환망 X.25 또한 종량 과금으로 고비용: 2400bps, 39MB, 6.7천만원, 1988
2. 전용선은 초기 비용이 많지만 대역폭 기반 정액 과금
1. 위성, 해저케이블 등은 대역폭 기준 과금으로 사용량 무관
2. 사용량 증가, 사용 애플리케이션의 다변화로 연결

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Backup 2: 전용선 연결 환경 조성

1. 최초 IP 주소와 최상위 도메인의 확보

• 128.134.0.0 (B Class) 확보 (1986, IANA)
• ccTLD (최상위 국가도메인) .kr 확보
• NSFNET의 주소 블록 개방과 망접속정책 완화 영향

2. PACCOM 프로젝트 참여

• PACCOM: 하이대학과 한국/일본/홍콩/뉴질랜드/호주 R&E 네트워크 연결 프로젝트

3. 해외 망 연결을 위한 이슈

• 민간영역 해외 데이터 통신에 대한 법률적 근거 확보

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(출처: J. S. Quarterman and J. C. Hoskins, “Notable Computer Networks,

” Communications of the ACM, V.29 N.10, 1986.10.)

Backup 3: 초기 전세계 컴퓨터 네트워크 구축현황

Backup 4: 인터넷 등장 전 해외 네트워크 동향

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패킷망과 개방형 구조의 구현

컴퓨터간 연결의 활성화

네크워크 연결 확대

ARPANET ^{Advanced Research Project Agent NETwork}

UUCPNET ^{Unix-to-Unix Copy Program}

CSNET ^{Computer Science NETwork}

NSFNET ^{National Science Fund NETwork}

• 1969년 대학간 최초 연결
• 1973년 해외 및 이종네트워크 연결
• 1983년 TCP/IP 프로토콜 적용

• UNIX 컴퓨터간 원격실행/파일전송/E-Mail/뉴스그룹 등
• 다양한 네트워크 지원� - 전용전화망, 공중전화망, X.25등

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• 컴퓨터 공학과 연결로 시작� -ARPA 미 참여대학 (NSF, 1981)

2) 이기종 운용체제 시스템간 연결

• 미국내 학술연구망 (1985~)
• 해외기관 접속 허용
• 인터넷으로 진화

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