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Non-Spatial and Spatial Planning

Non-spatial planning includes those in which the spatial dimensions are not definite such as national economic planning, family planning, social planning etc.

Spatial planning is mainly within a geographical dimension framework i.e. Urban land use planning

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Sectoral Planning

It is essentially a non-spatial planning concerted with the development of various sectors of the economy such as agriculture, industry, etc. This kind of planning lacks an integrated structure and may thus lead to social and human problems like environmental pollution, increasing inequality and mass poverty resulting in spatial imbalances. Sectoral developments can be implemented within a spatial framework according to the specific requirement of the different spatial units which may differ from each other in terms of physical, economic, social and cultural condition.

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Physical and Economic Planning

Physical planning involves the planning of an area’s physical structure such as land use, communication, utilities etc. Economic planning is concerned more with the economic structure of an area and its overall prosperity, mainly in terms of production, income, purchasing power etc.

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Imperative and Indicative planning

Imperative planning is a type of planning where all economic activities and resources of the economy operate under the direction of state. On the other when the mainspring of economic growth is left to the private sector, it may be called Indicative Planning

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Centralised and Decentralised Planning

Centralised planning is based on the top down approach where a central authority is the prime decision making body. Whereas decentralised planning is based upon the bottom up approach. Under it, a plan is formulated by the central planning authority in consultation with the different administrative units of the country. The state plans incorporate district and village level plans which are formulated at the respective levels.

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Single and Multi-Level Planning

Planning done at the national level alone is termed as single level plan, but its formulation at several hierarchical stages is called Multilevel planning. In India, multi-level planning has been recognized in a five-level tier. These are-

1. National Level/ inter-regional planning.

2. State Level-sectored cum inter-district

3. District/Metropolitan Level-regional planning.

4. Block Level planning