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The Effect of Music On Undergraduate Students

During the Coronavirus Pandemic

409110634 Anderson Zheng

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Outline

Introduction

Results & Discussion

Methodology

Conclusion

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Introduction

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Background

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus ("Coronavirus”).
Lockdown has brought an unprecedented situation for undergraduates who are likely to endure both physical and psychological problems.
Music listening has been shown the most effective approach to improve current affective state and mood regulation (Mak et al).
The easy access and the availability of music

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Literature Review

Music is the most common strategies individuals use when attempting to improve current affective state (Carlson et al)
Mood management was significantly higher regarding music activities than others (Mak et al).
Music has been effective to improve well-being, especially the issue of depression (Gtannot et al).
The most efficient activity to attain the goal of enjoyment and good mood ("Uses and Perception of Music in Times of COVID-19: A Spanish Population Survey”)

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Literature Review

The Brief Music in Mood Regulation Questionnaire (B-MMR) is a scale developed by a researcher from an original 40-item MMR scale to assess participants’ use of music for affect regulation by four strategies: (1) Entertainment, (2) Revival, (3)Diversion, and (4) Discharge. (Saarikallio)

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Hypothesis

Music generally has positive impact on people’s (1) mood regulation and (2) mental health during the hard time of pandemic

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Research Gap

Those researches were conducted in different countries, with different age groups

Which musical strategies for affecting mood regulation is better

Which genres of music is the most effective one

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Research Question

This specific study aims to contribute to the development of understanding by addressing the following research questions, the influence of the coronavirus pandemic on undergraduates’ musical engagement, and the correlation between musical engagement and the psychological effects of the pandemic

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Methodology

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Research Design

The study employed a quantitative approach to delve into the effects and factors of music influence on undergraduate’s lives during the pandemic

A questionnaire that includes both close-ended and open-ended questions was designed and administered to identify general findings

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Questionnaire

Consists of four sections

The beginning of which was intended to elicit demographic information from the respondents

The second section asked respondents to answer their music-listening habits and levels of anxiety during the pandemic

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Questionnaire

Consists of four sections

The 3rd section was centered on accessing the strategies that influence respondent’s mood regulation, including Entertainment, Revival, Distraction, Discharge

Section four was designed to evaluate their opinions on the influence of music on mental health during the coronavirus

Finally, the respondents were asked to comment on the questionnaire or any suggestions.

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Data Collection

Data collection took place in April 2023

Line and Instagram were used to promote the survey

The whole questionnaire used Likert Scale to measure either positive or negative response to a statement

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Results & Discussion

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Basic Information

50 individuals
28 male/ 22 female
Most of them were juniors

Most of the respondents were from College of Foreign Languages & Literatures or Science & Engineering

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Anxiety Levels

Most of them felt not worried at all and a little bit worried (56%), 26% expressed slight concerns

Previous study (Carlson et al)

The present study of anxiety level

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Music Listening Habits

52 % of respondents spent 1-3 hours a day listening to music, the time they spent on music either remain unaffected or increased during the pandemic

Whether they increased the use of muis during the pandemic

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Music Genres Preference

Pop music (86%) and Hip-Hop/ Rap(52%) music stand out from other genres

90% remain unchanged of their preference during the pandemic

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Music Engagement Preference

86% of them preferred listening to self-selected music, followed by 62% preferred singing.

Previous study (Carlson et al)

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Mood Regulation

The Entertainment Strategy garnered the highest rate of agreement, with 50% Strongly agreed and 38% agreed

The Distraction Strategy received the lowest rate of agreement, with 22% remained neutral and 4% disagreed

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Mood Regulation

The Entertainment Strategy stands out as the most effective one at 54%, compared with 10% of respondents thinking the Distraction Strategy is the most effective one.

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Influence on Mental Health

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76% acknowledged music as a resource for coping with isolation and boosting productivity
24% expressed disagreement on familial connections

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Conclusion

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Conclusion

Pop Music is the most popular music genre in terms of mood regulation and mental health during the pandemic

Listening to self-selected music is the most effective form of music engagement for enhancing individuals’ well-being

The Entertainment strategy is particularly successful in improving mood regulation and creating a pleasant atmosphere

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Implications/Applications

Institutions may benefit from leveraging these findings to create programs for managing students emotions

By developing personalized music therapy programs centered around popular genres can create opportunity that will foster greater engagement by eliciting positive emotional responses.

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Limitation & Recommendation

Respondents are from different department

Time elapsed

Without contextual examples or detailed questions

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Reference

“Coronavirus.” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1.

Carlson, Emily, et al. "The Role of Music in Everyday Life During the First Wave of the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Exploratory Study." Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 12, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647756. Accessed 11 Jan. 2023.

Grannot, Roni, et al. “”Help! I Need Somebody”: Music as a Global Resource for Obtaining Wellbeing Goals in Times of Crisis.” Frontiers in Psychology, 2021, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648013/full.

“How Music Can Improve Your Mental Health.” The Jed Foundation, 11 May 2022, https://jedfoundation.org/resource/how-music-can-improve-your-mental-health/.

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Reference

Mak, Hei, et al. "Predictors and Impact of Arts Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analyses of Data From 19,384 Adults in the COVID-19 Social Study." Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 12, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626263. Accessed 14 Dec. 2022.

"Uses and Perceptions of Music in Times of COVID-19: A Spanish Population Survey." Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 11, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606180. Accessed 14 Dec. 2022.

Wilkinson, Irene G. “Let There Be Music: Making a Case for Using Music in Schools to Enhance Relationships and Readiness for Learning.” Canadian Music Educator / Musician Educateur Au Canada, vol. 55, no. 1, Fall 2013, pp. 28–31. EBSCOhost, https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=a9h&AN=91813163&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live.

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Thanks For Listening!

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