The Arizona STEM Acceleration Project
Pumpkin Volcano Engineering Challenge
Pumpkin Volcano Engineering Challenge
A 4th grade STEM lesson
J. Warner
Jan. 25, 2024
Notes for teachers
I chose to do this lesson with 4th graders because they are learning about Earth’s processes in Science, however, it can be used for other grades as well. The students really enjoy volcanoes and rarely have the opportunity to interact with a model of one.
The materials list is what I used for the project but you could use a number of different items.
I bought a pie pumpkin for each group, however, it isn’t necessary. You can use 12oz. cups. If you do use pumpkins, be sure to carve the top to the size of a 9oz cup so you can place it inside the pumpkin. This will save on how much baking soda and vinegar you will need to use.
You can do two tests for the shelter:
List of Materials
AZ Math Standards
M04-S1C2-02: Measure and estimate lengths using customary and metric units. Having students measure and estimate the lengths of materials they are using for construction.
Mathematical Practices
Problem-solving: Students will use critical thinking skills to design and construct a structure that can withstand the force of a volcanic eruption.
Measurement: Students will measure and compare the stability and strength of their structures.
Data analysis: Students will analyze the results of their structures' performance during the eruption.
AZ Science Standards
4.E1U1.6
Plan and carry out an investigation to explore and explain the interactions between Earth’s major systems and the impact on Earth’s surface materials and processes.
Cross-cutting Standards
Engineering Design: Students will engage in the engineering design process to create a structure that meets specific criteria and constraints.
Patterns: Students will identify patterns in the behavior of the pumpkin volcano eruption and use that information to inform their design choices.
Objectives:
Students will design and construct a structure using various materials that can withstand a volcanic eruption from a pumpkin volcano, applying their understanding of material properties, forces, and stability.
Agenda 90 minutes (2, 45-minute periods)
Day 1
Volcanic eruptions
Engineering Design
Present the problem/constraints
Plan and build
Day 2
Complete building
Eruptions/data collection
Class discussion, share out.
What happens when a volcano erupts?
Engineering Design Challenge
Build a shelter that withstands a pumpkin volcano eruption and protects the people (cotton balls) inside.
Constraints:
Hands-on Activity Instructions
Constraints:
Assessment
Conduct the eruption, observing which structures successfully withstand the force of the eruption and protect the contents. Each group will conduct their eruption in front of the class.
Based on your observations of each eruption and whether or not people were protected, what recommendations would you give to a family that is planning on building a new house near the area of a volcano?
Did your shelter meet all of the constraints?
Differentiation
Simplify Materials: Provide a smaller selection of materials for students who may feel overwhelmed by too many choices.
Guided Design: For students who may struggle with the design process, provide a template or step-by-step guide to help them plan their structure.
Collaborative Groups: Pair students who may need extra support with those who have stronger design and construction skills.
Additional Time: Offer extended time for students who may need it to complete their structures. This allows them to work at their own pace and ensure they have a well-constructed design.
Teacher Support: Provide one-on-one or small group support during the design and construction process. This can include demonstrations, clarifications, or additional explanations to help struggling students understand the concepts and tasks involved.
Remediation
Extension/Enrichment