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What is a citation?

A citation provides publication information and gives credit to the author of a source.

The two types are in-text citations and citations in a Works Cited page. You will do both.

The purpose of a citation is to give credit to the author and to enable the reader of your research to find that same source.

You will use MLA format to cite your sources - web addresses are not sufficient!

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How to cite sources

For help with MLA formatted citations, make sure to visit Columbia College ’s MLA Citation Guide (very user friendly) or Purdue University's Online Writing Lab.

(Reference: MLA Formatting PPT)

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What information goes in a citation in a Works Cited?

Author
Title of article/webpage
Title of book/website
Publisher
Date published
Url (if a website)

Examples:

Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." The New York Times, 22 May 2007, www.nytimes.com/2007/05/22/science/earth/22ander.html?_r=0. Accessed 12 May 2016.

Gowdy, John. "Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of Sustainability." International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, vol. 14, no. 1, 2007, pp. 27-36.

Milken, Michael, et al. "On Global Warming and Financial Imbalances." New Perspectives Quarterly, vol. 23, no. 4, 2006, p. 63.

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Initial Research - How to Cite Sources

While EasyBib, BibMe, and Citation Machine are easy ways to get citations, the citations they create are only as good as the information you input. (They may still need editing.)

If your citation has "Np" or "Nd" which means "No publisher" or "No date" you probably haven't looked hard enough for that information.

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Works Cited Page

This is a collection of all of your sources in one place. It should be alphabetized by author’s last name, or by title if the author is unknown. Indent the second line of each citation, this is called a hanging indent.

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The Hanging Indent

To do a hanging indent, highlight the sources on your Google Doc
Then go to Format Align & indent Indentation options
When the menu pops up, choose Hanging indent from the drop down menu underneath Special indent

You can go from this: To this:

Northup, Malissa. “Technology Tips for Students.” WHS Newsletter, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, pp. 3-8.

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Annotated Bibliography

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What is the difference between a citation, an annotation, and an annotated bibliography?

A citation provides publication information and gives credit to the author of a source.

An annotation is a summary and evaluation of a source.

An annotated bibliography is a combination of citations and annotations.

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Annotated Bibliography

Instructional Video

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Annotation Format

Three paragraphs:

1) Summary (at least 3 sentences) -

summarize the key concepts
give specific information (so you won’t have to go back to the source later)

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Annotation Format

Three paragraphs:

2) Evaluation (at least 3 sentences) -

How reliable/credible is this source?
Use the information from when you performed the CRAAP test

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Annotation Format

Three paragraphs:

3) Application (at least 2 sentences and 1 quote) -

How will you use this source to help you answer your central question?
You may want to include important quotes that you want to use in your synthesis paper - this will help with your outline later
How does this source relate to information you have found in other sources?

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Sample Annotated Bibliography

(with instructions)

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Annotated Bibliography Format

Your annotated bibliography should be ONE CONTINUOUS DOCUMENT and NOT 15 separate documents.
You only need your heading and title written once.
It should be double-spaced as on the sample (12-point font, etc.).
Sources should be in alphabetical order in your final draft

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Student Exemplars

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3