Developmental Psychology
Nursing Instructor
Faiq Ali
BSN, LUMHS Jamshoro
Beacon Institute of Nursing Qasimabad,Hyderabad
Unit No. 03
Pre-School Child (2-5 years)
Learning Objectives
a. Piaget’s pre-operational thought stage
b. Language development
c. Play
2. Personality Development
a. Erikson’s stage of Psycho-Social Development initiative vs. guilt stage
b. Influence and peers in personality development
3. Stage of Psychosexual-development
Pre-School Child
(after two years to five years)
It is the period after 02 years to five years. After two years physical growth slows and the child usually grow only one third 1/3 as compare to first three years of life.
In this stage, body sizes increases slowly but some internal organs develop rapidly.
Child begin to plan and initiate activities, make games.
1. Cognitive Development
(thought process, memory & language abilities)
Cognitive development means “the development of the ability to think and reason”
Children ages 6 to 12, usually think in concrete ways (concrete operations). This can include things like how to combine, separate, order, and transform objects and actions.
a. Piaget’s Pre-operational Thought Stage(2-5 years)
In this stage, child reacts to stimulus or acts without thinking over them.
Increased use of verbal representation but speech is egocentric.
The beginnings of symbolic rather than simple motor play. Transductive reasoning can think about some thing without the object being present by use of language.
b. Language Development
Language development is “an important part of child development”.
It supports your child’s ability to communicate. It also supports your child’s ability to:
>express and understand feelings
>think and learn
>solve problems
>develop and maintain relationships.
Learning to understand, use and enjoy language is the first step in literacy, and the basis for learning to read and write.
c. Play
Play is important for your child's cognitive development – that is, your child's ability to think, understand, communicate, remember, imagine and work out what might happen next. Preschoolers want to learn how things work, and they learn best through play
Or
Piaget viewed play as integral to the development of intelligence in children.
Theory of play: the child matures, their environment and play should encourage further cognitive and language development.
2. Personality Development�
Personality: “you are unique”.
Personality is the sum of qualities of an individual that are shown in his way of behaving in a wide variety of circumstances.
Or
Personality: behavior + attitude + thinking
Personality Development:
Personality development refers to the process by which the organized thought and behavior patterns that make up a person's unique
a. Erikson’s stage of Psycho-Social Development Initiative vs. Guilt stage
(self concept, gender identity & interpersonal relationship)
They begin to plan and initiate activities, make games.
If tendency is squelched, due to criticism or control children develop a sense of guilt.
According to theory, successful completion of stage results in healthy personality and successful interaction with others. Failure can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages & in a more unhealthy personality and sense of self.
b. Influence and Peers in Personality Development
Peers influence my personality indirectly because every person communicates differently and has a differing set of values, beliefs, and purposes that bring their own lives meaning
Or
Peers, or a group of people who have similar interests, age, background, or social status, serve as an important source of information, feedback, and support to individuals as they develop a sense of self. Peers help socialize an individual by reinforcing or punishing behaviors or interpersonal interactions.
3. Stage of Psychosexual-development
In his well-known stage theory of psychosexual development, Sigmund Freud suggested that personality develops in stages that are related to specific erogenous zones.
Stage 1: Oral stage (birth to 1 year)
Stage 2: Anal stage (1 to 3 years)
Stage 3: Phallic stage (3 to 6 years)
Stage 4: Latent period (age 6 to puberty)
Stage 5: Genital stage (puberty to death)
Freud also believed that failure to complete these stages would lead to personality problems in adulthood.
Freud's Believe
Freud also believed that failure to complete these stages would lead to personality problems in adulthood.