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JAPANESE

AMERICAN

INTERNMENT

DAY OF REMEMBRANCE 2.19

PUSDLIBRARY.ORG

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Internment of Japanese Americans�Feb 19, 1942 – Mar 20, 1946�

Japanese internment camps were established during World War II by President Franklin D. Roosevelt through his Executive Order 9066.

From 1942 to 1945, it was the policy of the U.S. government that people of Japanese descent, including U.S. citizens, would be incarcerated in isolated camps.

Enacted in reaction to the Pearl Harbor attacks and the ensuing war, the incarceration of Japanese Americans is considered one of the most atrocious violations of American civil rights in the 20th century.

The last Japanese internment camp closed in March 1946. President Gerald Ford officially repealed the order in 1976, and in 1988, Congress issued a formal apology and passed the Civil Liberties Act awarding $20,000 each to over 80,000 Japanese Americans as reparations for their treatment.

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Internment of Japanese Americans�Feb 19, 1942 – Mar 20, 1946�

Guiding Questions�What did loyalty mean to Japanese Americans who were incarcerated during WWII?

What powers should a President have during a time of war?

What is the legacy of the Japanese American internment camps?

After watching the video overview, discuss the following guiding questions individually or in groups.

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Interviews & Letters with Japanese American

Internment Camp Survivors

Kids Meet A Survivor of the Japanese-American Internment

FIrst-hand reflections of survivors of camps interviewed by kids

Kids Meet - 8:19

Muslim Kids Read Letters From Japanese

Internment Camps

ABC- 2:40

Grade K-5

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Biographies of Interned Japanese Americans

Ugly History: Japanese American incarceration camps�History of 16 year-old Aki Kurose

Lesson by Densho, directed by Lizete Upīte.

TedEd - 5:45 - Complete Lesson Here

The Akune brothers: Siblings on opposite sides of war

Lesson by Densho, directed by Lizete Upīte.

TedEd - 4:53 - Complete Lesson Here

Grade 3-12

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What Life was Life by Interned Japanese Americans

Japanese Americans look back on World War II Incarceration

FIrst-hand reflections of survivors of camps

AJ+ - 4:03

Japanese Americans visit a WW2 Camp�Younger Japanese Americans visiting Manzanar

BuzzFeed - 8:20

Grade 6-12

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Local History�LA County Fairgrounds: �Pomona Fairplex

The temporary detention camps (also known as 'assembly centers') represent the first phase of the mass incarceration of 97,785 Californians of Japanese ancestry during World War II. Pursuant to Executive Order 9066 signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942, thirteen makeshift detention facilities were constructed at various California racetracks, fairgrounds, and labor camps.

These facilities were intended to confine Japanese Americans until more permanent concentration camps, such as those at Manzanar and Tule Lake in California, could be built in isolated areas of the country. Beginning on March 30, 1942, all native-born Americans and long-time legal residents of Japanese ancestry living in California were ordered to surrender themselves for detention.

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Local History�LA County Fairgrounds: �Pomona Fairplex

Pomona Assembly Center in

Pomona, California. �

1942. U.S Army Signal Corps.

Library of Congress

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California History�Manzanar Historic Site

In 1942, the United States government ordered more than 110,000 men, women, and children to leave their homes and detained them in remote, military-style camps. Manzanar War Relocation Center was one of ten camps where the US government incarcerated Japanese immigrants ineligible for citizenship and Japanese American citizens during World War II.

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Without anywhere to go, sports like basketball and baseball became ways to pass the time and get some exercise.

Kids of all ages were removed from their homes and their schools. Classes and schooling were held when possible in groups with whatever supplies or resources available - which not a lot.

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The camps were located at the base of the mountain. Cold and cramped quarters often led to sickness and death for those in the camps with limited access to medical attention.

The camps were built quickly amidst the executive order. Any changes or upgrades were done by people living in the camps. Everyone had to work together to make life work so far away from their homes and lives.

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Book Lists & Lessons

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Sora List

Here

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Do you think it was fair for the government to take them from their home and make them move far away?
How would you feel if this happened to your family?

Read Aloud of "Baseball Saved Us"

by Ken Mochizuki and Dom Lee

AR Level: 3.9

Quiz # 17706

0.5 points

K-2

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Discussion Questions

What was it like at the internment camps?
How do you think Jimmy was feeling at the internment camp? How could you tell?
Why do you think Taro snuck out of the internment camp to get fish for Jimmy?
Do you think you would ever do something like that for a brother or sister?

Read Aloud of "Fish for Jimmy" �by Katie Yamasaki

BL: 4.6 - AR Pts: 0.5

AR Level: 3.9

Quiz# 157697

0.5 points

3-5

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Look up the words “Incarceration” and “Internment” and write the definitions. How are these two words the same? How are these two words different?
Considering that children cannot serve in the military, which word do you think best describes the experience that George and his family experienced. Why?
Do you think people would remember history differently if the camps had been called “Incarceration Camps”? Why or why not?

They Called Us Enemy: Expanded Edition

By George Takei, Justin Eisinger, Steven Scott and Harmony Becker

AR Quiz No. 504407 �BL: 4.6 - AR Pts: 2.0

Full Lesson Plan Here

6-8

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What is the relationship between dehumanization, race, profit, and incarceration?
What are the experiences of people who are incarcerated? Who benefits from incarceration? Who does not? How do we resist incarceration?

Read Aloud of "Displacement"

by Kiku Hughes

BL: 4.7 - AR Pts: 2.0

0.5 points

Quiz# 512189

9-12

Lesson Plan Here

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The Use of Anti-Japanese Propaganda in WWII

Teen Kids News. “What Were The Japanese Internment Camps?” YouTube, 7 Dec. 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_7TJ34Nphg.

This is a video that explains how Japanese Internment camps came about. At the end it talks about a memorial and lists the names of the 10 relocation camps along with the numbers of those forced to live at each camp.

“#DayofRemembrance: 12 Images of Anti-Japanese Xenophobia from the 1940's (and Earlier).” Reappropriate, 21 Feb. 2014, appropriation/2014/02/11-images-of-anti-japanese-xenophobia-from-the-1940s-and-earlier/

This website contains 12 images that capture the anti-Japanese xenophobia and hatred of the era.

TEACHING TOLERANCE STAFF. “The Power of Language.” Teaching Tolerance, 2006, www.tolerance.org/classroom-resources/texts/the-power-of-language.

During World War II, the government used vague and misleading terms to describe what was being done to people of Japanese ancestry living in the United States. This article introduces the language used at that time and gives opportunities for students to analyze it.

Mochizuki, K. (Producer), & Connelly, N. (Director). (2016). Baseball Saved Us [Short Film]. United States: PBS- Pioneers of Television .This book is about the Japanese concentration camps. Shorty, along with Approximately 120,000 Japanese-Americans were placed in concertation camps after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. While in camp, Shorty and his father formed a baseball league in order to lift people’s spirits.

“Japanese American Internment in World War 2.” The Free Information Society - Japanese American Internment in World War 2, www.freeinfosociety.com/article.php?id=10. This website contains pictures of the Japanese American Internment Camps. It highlights unsanitary living conditions, security, and schooling.

Japanese American National Museum. “Estelle Ishigo Collection.” Estelle Ishigo Collection | Collections | Japanese American National Museum, 1998, www.janm.org/collections/estelle-ishigo-collection/?page=1. This is a fascinating website with several pictures of like Japanese concentration camps drawn from the perspective of Estelle Ishigo.

Russell, Tom. “Manzanar.” YouTube, 8 Jan. 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KyPVl_ThIBg This a an audio recording of Laurie Lewis singing, “Manzanar,” written by Tom Russell in the mid-1970s.

McCoy, Kathleen, and Kathleen. “Why February 19, a 'Day of Remembrance,' Matters to so Many.” Alaska Public Media, 12 Feb. 2019, www.alaskapublic.org/2019/02/07/why-february-19-a-day-of-remembrance-matters-to-so-many/. This is a website dedicated to honoring and remembering people who lived in the camps.

Concentration Camps for Japanese Americans During World War II, online.sfsu.edu/jaintern/map.html. This is a great website with maps and documents from World War II.

Nazaryan, Alexander. “At Former Japanese Internment Camp Manzanar, a History Lesson for Trump's Extreme Vetting.” Newsweek, 20 Feb. 2017, www.newsweek.com/2017/02/24/manzanar-japanese-internment-camp-trump-extreme-vetting-556944.html. This article is about the life of children in interment camps and includes several images from that time.

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Japanese Internment:�Anti-Japanese Propaganda

in WWII

This is propaganda. It is a communication that is primarily used to influence an audience.

How does this picture make you feel?

What symbolism is there in the picture?

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A Store Puts Up A Sign Excluding Japanese Customers

What is going on in this picture? ��What do you see that makes you say that?��What more can you find?�

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This link will take you to the online collection of artist Estelle Peck Ishigo. These pictures are from Heart Mountain, Wyoming camp during World War II.

Activity: Go to this website and pic one image that stands out to you. �Describe your picture in one word. �What was their life like during this time?

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Click to Listen

Listen to “Manzanar,” written by Tom Russell (Mid-1970s) about the Japanese Internment Camp of the same name, sung by Laurie Lewis.

Answer these questions.

Does this song remind you of anything?

How is the writer thinking about the world?

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This is a newspaper article from 1942.

If you were in this time period, how would this article pertain to you?

How can this article teach us something about our lives?

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1. What place or places does the map show?��2. Are you surprised about the number of camps?��

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Learn Japanese

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Learn Japanese: Vowels

A

I

E

U

O

え

あ

い

お

う

The hiragana vowels

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Foreign Language Subject: Japanese Infographics

Hiragana
n	w	r	y	m	h	n	t	s	k
ん (n)	わ	ら	や	ま	は	な	た	さ	か	あ	a
	ゐ *	り		み	ひ	に	ち (chi)	し (shi)	き	い	i
		る	ゆ	む	ふ (fu)	ぬ	つ (tsu)	す	く	う	u
	ゑ *	れ		め	へ	ね	て	せ	け	え	e
	を (o)	ろ	よ	も	ほ	の	と	そ	こ	お	o

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Learn Japanese: Colors

Black

黒 (くろ)

White

白 (しろ)

Pink

ピンク (ももいろ)

Green

緑 (みどり)

Red

赤 (あか)

Blue

青 ( あお)

Yellow

黄色 (きいろ)

Orange

橙色 (だいだいいろ)

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Learn Japanese: Nouns

本【ほん】

⿂【さかな】

. ボール

りんご

⼥【おんな】

謎【なぞ】

Apple

Ball

Book

Girl

Fish

Puzzle

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Learn Japanese: Verbs

⾷べる【た・べる】

To eat

. 寝る【ね・る】

To sleep

⾒る【み・る】

To see

聞く【き・く】

To listen

考える【かんが・える】

To think

飲む【の・む】

To drink

話す【はな・す】

To speak

遊ぶ【あそ・ぶ】

To play

する

To do

. 買う【か・う】

To buy

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Learn Japanese: Verbs

vs.

開ける [akeru]

閉める [shimeru]

vs.

比較する [Hikaku suru]

売る[sälja]

vs.

笑い [Warai]

泣く [naku]

vs.

登る [noboru]

下がる [sagaru]

Open

Close

Buy

Laugh

Go up

Sell

Cry

Go down

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Learn Japanese: Seasonal

日

Sun

雨

Rain

空

Sky

夕

Sunrise

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Learn Japanese: Seasonal

花

Flower

水

Water

菜

海

Vegetable

Sea

痛

Pain

草

Grass

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Learn Japanese: Numbers

1

一 (ichi)

2

二 (ni)

3

三 (san)

4

四 (shi, yon)

5

五 (go)

6

六 (roku)

7

七 (shichi, nana)

8

八 (hachi)

9

九 (kyuu, ku)

10

十 (juu)

11

十一 (juuichi)

12

十二 (juuni)

13

十三 (juusan)

14

十四 (juushi)

15

十五 (juugo)

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Learn Japanese: Days of the week

Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday	Saturday	Sunday
月曜日	火曜日	水曜日	木曜日	金曜日	土曜日	日曜日
げつようび	かようび	すいようび	もくようび	きんようび	どようび	にちようび
getsuyōbi	kayōbi	suiyōbi	mokuyōbi	kin’yōbi	doyōbi	nichiyōbi

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Learn Japanese: Months

January	February	March	April
一月, 1月	二月, 2月	三月, 3月	四月, 4月
Ichigatsu	nigatsu	sangatsu	shigatsu
May	June	July	August
五月, 5月	六月, 6月	七月, 7月	八月, 8月
gogatsu	rokugatsu	shichigatsu	hachigatsu
September	October	November	December
九月, 9月	十月, 10月	十一月, 11月	十二月, 12月
kugatsu	jūgatsu	jūichigatsu	jūnigatsu

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Foreign Language Subject: Japanese Infographics

English	I	drink	green tea
English	Subject	Verb	Object
Japanese	Watashi wa	Ocha o	nomimasu
	私は	お茶	飲みます
	Subject	Object	Verb

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Learn Japanese: Everyday Words

Student	Tomorrow	Exam	Person	Friend
学⽣【がく・せい】	明⽇【あした】	試験【しけん】	⼈【ひと】	友達【とも・だち】
Food	Price	School	Time	Room
⾷べ物【た・べ・もの】-	. 値段【ね・だん】-	学校【がっ・こう】	時間【じ・かん】-	部屋【へ・や】
Movie	Question	Homework	Bank	Money
映画【えい・が】-	質問【しつ・もん】	宿題【しゅく・だい】-	. 銀⾏【ぎん・こう】	お⾦【お・かね】

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Learn Japanese: Sentences

Alice came from America

アリスは、アメリカからきた

Cat is in room

. 猫は部屋にいる

Chair was in the kitchen

いすが台所にあった。

Jim will become doctor

ジムは医者になる

Went to library last week

先週に図書館に⾏った。

Came by the way of bus

バスできた

Who opened the window?

誰が窓を開けた？

Turn off the lights

電気を消す

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Learn Japanese: Greetings

Konnichiwa

Hello

Ogenki desuka?

How are you?

Arigatou

Thanks

Kudasai

Please

Sumimasen

Sorry

Eigo wo hanashimasu ka?

Do you speak English?

Hai

Sí

Lie

No

Ohayō

Good morning

Konbanwa

Good afternoon

O-yasumi nasai

Good night

Wakarimasen

I don´t understand

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Learn Japanese: Phrases

十人十色

“Ten men, ten colors”

Similar to “different strokes for different folks.” People have different tastes and preferences — and that’s okay.

自業自得

“One’s act, one’s profit”

Similar to “you reap what you sow.” Everyone eventually faces the consequences of their actions.

猿も木から落ちる

“Even monkeys fall from trees.”

A considerably more hilarious way to say, “Everybody makes mistakes.”

起死回生

“Wake from death and return to life”

To take a bad or desperate situation and turn it into a successful one.

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Additional Resources

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