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Design Analysis of the Website and Museum

Logo and other images used in this slideshow courtesy of the Henry Ford website.

the Henry Ford

Museum in Dearborn, Michigan

the Henry Ford

By Madeline Allen, Jesse Sanderson, and Erika Suchecki

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Project Summary

This conceptualization is for people in the Dearborn community and those who would benefit from improved accessibility accommodations, who would like to visit the Henry Ford museum and website to learn more about American Innovation. The conclusion was that increasing representation and improving the navigation system were the first two steps toward providing the intended benefits.

With Arab Americans making up approximately 54% of the population of Dearborn, this makes it the city with the highest proportion of Arab Americans in all of the United States.

Reimagining the Henry Ford to be more inclusive.

Reaching out to a new audience through increased representation and interactive design solutions.

The in-person offerings as well as the digital media of the Henry Ford museum and website were explored to determine how diversely the museum represents its surrounding communities.

An interviewee said…

“If they’re so community-focused with Michigan, there are so many Middle Eastern people. They need to consider that. You can’t be diverse if you don’t (include) all of these people and their stories.”

The Henry Ford is for the Public Learning and Recreation sector.

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Design Analysis Summary

An overview of the design analysis, from its initial stages to the final iterations.

the Henry Ford

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The Original Product

The Henry Ford is a museum complex in Dearborn, Michigan. The focus of the museum is American Innovation, and it is a popular destination for families, K-12 field trips, and other individuals hoping to learn more about American history and how it has transformed over time as a result of “authentic objects, stories, and lives from America's traditions of ingenuity, resourcefulness and innovation.” (external link)

The Henry Ford’s website was also explored as part of this analysis. The purpose of the site is to spread awareness for the museum and its events, and to sell tickets to attract visitors.

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The Original Design Analysis

The beginning stages of the design analysis process identified several key focus areas:

  • The Henry Ford’s website did not meet several key accessibility standards, particularly related to insufficient color contrast seen in the navigation menu.
  • There was little visible representation of Arab Americans on the site, despite the large presence of this demographic in close proximity to the museum.
  • The Henry Ford’s website appeared to have performance issues related to slow loading times, which may disproportionately affect users in rural areas or other places with slow internet speeds.

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How the Design Analysis Shifted

As the analysis moved forward through interviews and user testing (more on this later), several focus areas were changed, added, or removed:

  • The performance issues noted in the initial analysis did not seem to be a widespread issue experienced by users who were interviewed. Thus, this aspect of the analysis was no longer a focus.
  • The lack of visible Arab American representation on the website was extended to include representation within the museum’s physical exhibits as well.
  • A deeper dive into the Henry Ford website’s navigation system revealed further issues than just color contrast, primarily related to the large number of menus and menu items in use as well at the categorization of the menu items. A redesign of the navigation system became a key focal point of the analysis.

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Secondary Research

After brainstorming the initial design analysis, secondary research was conducted to gather information supporting the initial areas of focus.

the Henry Ford

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Areas of Focus

Arab Americans | ClickOnDetroit (external link)

  • 2020 census data shows that Arab Americans make up 54% of Dearborn, Michigan’s population.
  • This was the first time that North African & Middle Eastern ancestry was included on the census.

K-12 Education | Autodesk (external link) and PRWeb (external link)

  • K-12 educators are drawn to Henry Ford and his impact on the Industrial Revolution.
  • Lucie Howell was appointed as Henry Ford’s Director of Learning and Engagement in 2016. This shows the Henry Ford’s focus and commitment to to provide educational tools and experiences.

Accessibility | Digital.gov (external link) and Center on Disability (external link)

  • Best practices and tips for accessible website design were studied as best practices for iterations on the Henry Ford’s site.
  • Percentages of people living with disabilities in Michigan were observed to identify universal design features that can be incorporated into the Henry Ford’s site.

Connectivity | Cloudflare (external link) and HubSpot (external link)

  • Best practices for improving the speed and performance of website design to address performance issues.
  • How to increase website speed, conversion rates, and user experience.

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Sampling for Design Research

The time had come to begin gathering feedback from users outside of the design analysis team. This began with sampling potential users to interview.

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Sampling

The Henry Ford Museum is the location selected for sampling research, as the museum is connected to the experience being analyzed.

Purposive Sampling:

Three users that align with the design research goals (an educator, a person using disability accommodations, and a person of color) were chosen for sampling. Only the person using disability accommodations was able to participate in later interviews.

Convenience Sampling:

Two Arab American users were chosen for sampling to include this demographic of target users. Both users later participated in interviews.

Findings:

  • Users learn best by being up close to exhibits.
  • Quiet when learning, but talkative in social areas.
  • Diverse audiences found in exhibits or areas with diverse representation.
  • Users visit the museum in order to “see themselves.”

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Interviews

the Henry Ford

Following sampling, three individuals agreed to participate in an interview to share their thoughts on the Henry Ford’s website.

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Interviews

Prior to being interviewed, participants were asked to complete a demographic survey to help provide context on their identity, culture, and background.

Three Participants:

  • Activist Adrian” is a college-aged Arab American man who has visited the Henry Ford before, but not recently.
  • International Irsa” is a young woman from Lebanon who is currently studying at a university in Michigan. She is familiar with the Henry Ford, but has never visited before.
  • Mobility Martin” is a middle-aged white man who traveled from California to visit the Henry Ford after hearing about it on the Henry Ford’s “Innovation Nation” television show. He was observed moving about the museum on a mobility scooter.

Interviewees were asked to provide their thoughts on the current Henry Ford website based on their familiarity with the Henry Ford, their experience visiting the museum and using the site to purchase tickets (if applicable), general critiques, and insights on diversity, equity, and inclusion.

After receiving feedback from the three interviewees, the following feature list was assembled based on pain points which would inform the next steps of the analysis process:

  • The website’s navigation bar and menu structure.
  • Increased representation of diverse populations.
  • The website’s ticket purchasing process.
  • Reducing overall site clutter.

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Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Findings

the Henry Ford

Data on diversity, equity, and inclusion was compiled based on feedback received from user interviews.

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Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

A key focus of the design analysis was the lack of visible representation of Arab Americans, a large demographic in the Henry Ford’s location of Dearborn, on the Henry Ford’s website and in the museum’s exhibits. Interviewees were asked to reflect on how they feel their identity, culture, and background are being reflected on the Henry Ford’s current site in terms of whether there is sufficient and positive representation, non-stereotyped representation, the extent to which they feel a sense of inclusion and belonging, and the societal impact of the way their identity is being represented. Two of three interviewees come from an Arab American background, and the difference between how they feel their identity is represented compared to the third interviewee, who does not come from this background, is quite noticeable.

“Activist Adrian” provided the following information about his identity:

  • Age: 18 to 24 years old
  • Gender: Male (Man or Boy)
  • Race and/or Ethnicity: Middle Eastern, North African, or Arab American
  • Sexual Orientation: Lesbian, Gay, or Homosexual
  • Disability: Mental Health (anxiety, depression, etc.)

“International Irsa” provided the following information about her identity:

  • Age: 18 to 24 years old
  • Gender: Female (Woman or Girl)
  • Race and/or Ethnicity: Middle Eastern, North African, or Arab American
  • Sexual Orientation: Straight or Heterosexual
  • Disability: N/A

“Mobility Martin” did not complete the pre-interview survey, however throughout the interview he did note that he identified as as white, middle-aged, and had a mild physical disability that warranted the use of a mobility scooter.

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Accessibility and Universal Design

the Henry Ford

Based on user feedback received thus far, a plan was crafted to account for accessibility and universal design.

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Approach

The approach to implementing a strategy for accessible and universal design on the Henry Ford’s museum and site is based on user insights and the pain points identified during user research and interviews.

Pain Points Identified in Interviews:

  • Online ticket sales experience.
  • Information architecture.
  • Site navigation and user flow.

Design Implications:

  • Eliminate the pop-up used for ticket purchasing.
  • Rebuild the ticket sales process, consider a “one step” approach.
  • Establish a linear user flow.
  • Improved visual hierarchy.
  • Sufficient contrast.
  • Reconstruct the navigation bar.
  • Eliminate the second navigation bar.

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Competitive Analysis

the Henry Ford

Several potential competitors were analyzed to inform recommendations for the Henry Ford.

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Competitive Analysis Overview

An analysis of the websites for five museums, both in the Dearborn area as well as around the United States and the world, was conducted to inform recommendations for the Henry Ford museum and website.

Competitors:

Quantitative Analysis Recommendations:

  • Aim for a more structured website layout.
  • Include explicitly stated accessibility accommodations in the site navigation.
  • Showcase future initiatives derived from recent funding.

Qualitative Analysis Recommendations:

  • Include a simple ticket purchasing process with a limited number of clicks.
  • Consolidate and restructure the menu items.
  • Make good use of color contrast.
  • Reexamine the local demographics to better reflect a more diverse range of people.

Image courtesy of the National Center for Civil and Human Rights.

Image courtesy of the Automotive Hall of Fame.

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Personas and Journey Maps

the Henry Ford

Several fictional personas were created to plan considerations for target users of the ongoing design analysis, and journey maps for each were crafted to illustrate their interaction with the Henry Ford in a reimagined state.

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Personas

Replacing “The User”

In order to truly understand who we are designing for, insights and segments from previously collected data had to be brought to life into someone we can actually discover and create these design solutions for.

We generated relatability by replacing the one-dimensional “The User” reference and built archetypes from empathy and user research insights.

Our personas were created on the foundation of our interviewees, research focus areas, and the pain points identified during user interviews.

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Personas

Pages and pages of notes and deconstructed data can be hard to care about.

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Personas

People on the other hand, are easy to care about. Here’s that data, personified.

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Journey Maps

Personas in Action

In order to best understand our personas in action with the analyzed product and experience, we carefully crafted each step of the journey map to reflect each persona’s interaction with these elements.

Based on the lifespan of each persona in their journey map, considering both situational elements and pain points, we were able to identify key areas of improvement in the Henry Ford Museum and website experience.

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Personas | Introducing Omar

Omar brings to life:

  • Datapoints uncovered from “Activist Adrian’s”interview.

  • Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion elements from survey feedback reflecting “Activist Adrian.”

  • Focus areas of digital connectivity and K-12 education.

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Meet “Educator Omar.”

Omar’s Goals:

  • Wants to find a location that will be both fun and educational for his students, and has decided on a museum.
  • Seeks a museum that is well-frequented by classes on school trips and knows how to accommodate such visits.
  • Several of Omar’s students are also Arab American, and he would like to visit a place that can showcase some of the ways that others from their background have contributed to American society and culture.

Omars Frustrations on the Current Site:

  • Does not see much representation of Arab Americans after browsing the Henry Ford’s website.
  • Had a hard time navigating through the large amount of content on the site.
  • Has a tough time deciding which museum in the complex to visit due to the number of choices.

Omar is a 25-year-old teacher living in Troy, Michigan. He was born and raised in nearby Hamtramck and is the son of Yemeni immigrants. Although he grew up with friends of all backgrounds, he misses the tight-knit Arab American community he grew up in. His principal has tasked him with planning a field trip for his students to help them learn more about history.

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Journey Maps | Omar’s Experience

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Personas | Introducing Lena

Lena brings to life:

  • Datapoints uncovered from “International Irsa’s”interview.

  • Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion elements from survey feedback reflecting “International Irsa.”

  • Focus area of Arab American representation.

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Meet “Study Abroad Lena.”

Lena is a 21 year-old international student at Wayne State University, temporarily living in Dearborn, Michigan. Hailing from Lebanon, Lena is curious to explore the museum local to her current community, where she hopes to learn more about American history, culture, and where her Arab heritage can be recognized in America’s history and innovations.

Lena’s Goals:

  • Wants to explore elements of American history and culture.
  • Seeks to visit a museum local to her new neighborhood.
  • Desires to meet other young, Arab people visiting the museum to build relationships while living in America to feel connected to her culture.
  • Curious about the role her culture has played in American innovation.
  • Hopes to recognize people she feels are similar to her and how she can contribute to future innovations.

Lena’s Frustrations on the Current Site:

  • Photos of some exhibits created appeal, but wordy descriptions explaining them generated disinterest.
  • Had to restart the ticketing process multiple times to try to secure a ticket.
  • Tickets are costly, being an international student in college.
  • Noticed most of the museum highlights the automotive industry, not sure if the museum is for everyone or for those solely interested in automobiles.
  • Not sure if she will learn history about immigrating to America based on the site content and exhibit previews.

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Journey Maps | Lena’s Experience

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Personas | Introducing Todd

Todd brings to life:

  • Datapoints uncovered from “Mobility Martin’s”interview.

  • Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion elements from survey feedback reflecting “Mobility Martin.”

  • Focus area of accessibility accommodations.

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Meet “Traveler Todd.”

Todd is a 56 year old born and raised in California who traveled all the way to Michigan to visit the Henry Ford Museum. He is eager to explore the exhibits and artifacts, which bring to life the captivating stories and achievements that have shaped American culture. He hopes that his visit will deepen his understanding and appreciation of American history, leaving him inspired and enlightened. It is important to note that Todd has mobility issues and may need to make use of a scooter to get around during his visit to the museum.

Todd’s Goals:

  • Todd values accessibility and accommodation that will make him comfortable during his trip to the museum, as he faces mobility challenges.
  • Todd wants to gain knowledge and insights about American innovation and history.
  • Throughout his lifetime, Todd wishes to continue enjoying learning experiences such as museum visits, expanding his knowledge, and gaining new perspectives.

Todd’s Frustrations on the Current Site:

  • Todd expressed disappointment that he couldn't find a specific exhibit he had hoped to see, despite his prior research and expectations.
  • Expressed uncertainty about how other minority groups are represented in the museum, indicating a desire for a more comprehensive representation of various cultures and identities.

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Journey Maps | Todd’s Experience

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User Testing and Play Testing

the Henry Ford

Based on the analysis thus far, concepts for the redesigned navigation system as well as a fun personality quiz focused on diverse representation were developed, then tested by several users.

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User Testing

Need help finding something? Need a menu? Which one?

These are the navigation systems from the current site used in the first round of user research, uncovering frustration and calling for a possible redesign.

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User Testing

Navigation is necessary, so why should it be hard?

The purpose of the user test conducted was to test the organization, structure, and visuals of a proposed altered menu system for the Henry Ford Museum website.

As difficulty navigating the website became an immediate and obvious pain point in the first round of user research, we wanted to explore design solutions for this focus area.

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User Testing

The Approach

We reconstructed the existing user flow of the navigation system to be simplified and condensed, then designed an interactive menu with the aim to be more intuitive than the original navigation system.

The menu prototype used for testing was developed and designed based on feedback received from interviewees as well as best practices identified through a competitive analysis.

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User Testing

Our redesigned navigation system: a single component for both desktop and mobile, existing as a vertical dropdown menu with nested components and packaged with ADA compliant colors and fonts.

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User Testing

Here is what our redesigned navigation system may look like on the Henry Ford homepage.

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User Testing

We tested participants that resembled various considerations of our

personas, while observing them interact with the testing component to see

if previous pain points were ongoing and if new ones emerged.

  • The testing sample was selected through purposive and convenience sampling.
  • Testing was held over Zoom using audio, video, recording, and screen sharing mechanisms.
  • The protocol held strategically composed task prompts to observe specific interactions and testing elements.
  • A coding sheet was used to collect data on quantitative measures relevant to task completion, as well as behavioral responses and reactions.

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User Testing Findings

  • 42% (5/12) of prompts given resulted in hesitation before the user made any clicks.

  • No user took more than 24 seconds to complete any given task.

  • 83% (10/12) of prompts given resulted in the user being able to navigate to the requested page on their first try.

  • Two participants verbally expressed confusion on how to complete the prompted task (one while completing the prompted task, and once following all tasks being completed).

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User Testing Recommendations

Following observation of the three users, the following are the recommendations for the next iteration of the menu prototype:

  1. Allow full functionality of all dropdowns, including the ability to open all of them at once and ability to freely close any given ones.

  • Relabel “Support” to “Donate” to clarify the purpose of the page.

  • Increase the hitbox area size for the menu items.

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Play Testing

Fun at “First Click”

We developed and observed our participants on the “Which Henry Ford Hero Are You?” quiz, a lighthearted ten question personality test that matches characteristics relevant to the participant to that of a historical figure featured at The Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation.

The quiz was developed as if it were featured on The Henry Ford’s website. Following the quiz, an exit survey was issued to each participant to complete regarding their experience taking the quiz.

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Play Testing

Entertainment doesn’t have to only take place onsite, it can start online.

  • Introducing an interactive entertainment on the website relevant to its content.

  • Ensure representation as a reflection of museum attendees and site traffic through diverse quiz results.

  • Making the quiz broad and available to more than just history fanatics, and suitable for first-time museum visitors.

This quiz is our subtle nudge towards the notion that The Henry Ford Museum is for anyone and everyone.

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Play Testing Components

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Play Testing Findings

  • All participants showed that they were interested in taking the quiz.

  • Our quantitative data collection revealed varying results, potentially corresponding to both the participant’s digital literacy and whether or not they found any faults within the testing component.

  • Participants gave an average rating on the survey of 9.3 of how much fun taking the quiz.

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Play Testing Recommendations

  • Specific questions should be clarified in regard to how to best answer them.

  • Including a visual of all of the possible results can help entice users or gain interest, especially with a diverse selection of quiz outcomes.

  • The ranking modality of quiz responses may be overwhelming and not intuitive.

  • Written response questions may be too broad to have relevance to the quiz.

  • Offer a text field in the exit survey where users can provide any general feedback they want to contribute.

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End.

the Henry Ford

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Credits

Madeline Allen:

  • Design Analysis Planning (Collaborative)
  • Traveled to The Henry Ford, completed observations, sampling, began to gather participants
  • Recruited and scheduled participant interviews, created interview protocol
  • Collaborated with Erika on determining and categorizing secondary research sources
  • Completed attainability and legal requirements section of universal design analysis
  • Generated and analyzed list of competitors, created data visuals for quantitative analysis report
  • Created the journey map template
  • “Study Abroad Lena” Persona and Journey Map
  • Designed new navigation prototype and created the testing protocol
  • Created quiz and testing protocol

Jesse Sanderson:

  • Design Analysis Planning (Collaborative)
  • Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Findings
  • Interview Moderation and Demographic Survey
  • Accessibility Considerations: Color Blindness Checks
  • Competitive Analysis: Qualitative Data and Report
  • “Educator Omar” Persona and Journey Map
  • User Testing: Recruiting, Coding Sheet, and Final Report

Erika Suchecki:

  • Interview Observation for “Mobility Martin”
  • Secondary Research
  • Competitive Analysis: Quantitative Data and Report
  • “Traveler Todd” Persona and Journey Map
  • User and Play Testing: Recruiter, Coding Sheet, and Observer
  • Play Testing Report

Additionally, all three group members met twice weekly to discuss ongoing work, worked on putting together the slideshow, and maintained contact on Discord.

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Acknowledgements

Madeline, Jesse, and Erika would like to extend our appreciation to the following people for their roles in helping us with this project:

  • Our three interviewees.
  • Our three participants in user testing and play testing.
  • Professor Susan Bonner.
  • Our MI 841 classmates for their feedback.