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INTRODUCTION:�A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS

BY KHALED HOSSEINI

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THE AUTHOR

Born in 1965, Kabul, Afghanistan

Moved to Iran in 70s

Moved to Paris in 76

Returned to Afghanistan 1980

Russians invaded: Asylum in San Jose, Ca.

Graduated from Santa Clara University with a BS in Biology

UC San Diego School of Medicine 1993

First Novel: The Kite Runner

Also wrote A Thousand Splendid Suns , And the Mountains Echoed, & Sea Prayer

Lives in Northern California with his wife & two daughters

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SETTING

Afghanistan

Herat

Gul Daman

Kabul

1959-1978 (19 years)

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BACKGROUND INFORMATION/�HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

  • On December 24, 1979, the Soviet Union invades Afghanistan
  • Resistance fighters, called Mujahidin, saw the Christian or atheist Soviets controlling Afghanistan as a defilement of Islam & their traditional culture. Proclaimed “jihad”(holy war) & gained the support of the Islamic world.
  • U.S. CIA trained the Mujahidin in guerilla warfare/terrorist tactics—provided weapons
  • U.S. promised to rebuild Afghanistan if they would drive Russia out—roads, hospitals, infrastructure.
  • Soviet forces started withdrawing in 1988. Massive humiliation for Russia. 15,000 soldiers killed, financial ruin. Made Afghanistan a breeding ground for terrorists.
  • U.S. did not keep promise—Enter Osama bin Laden & eventual attacks on World Trade Center (1993)
  • After Russians left, warlords fought over control—civil war.
  • Taliban rises to power & creates stability & puts an end to fighting, but implements cruel Sharia Law sending Afghanistan backwards hundreds of years.
  • WTC Attack #1 (1993) WTC/Pentagon Attack #2 (9/11/01)

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MEET THE CHARACTERS

BOOK 1: 1959-1978

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NANA

Had a teenage affair with Jalil (she was his family’s housekeeper)

Mariam’s mother

Single mother—had child out of wedlock

An outcast

She’s strict, bitter, & cynical

Lives outside Herat in Gul Daman

Like a compass needle that points north, a man’s accusing finger always finds a woman.

There is only one, only one skill a woman like you and me needs in life, and they don’t teach it in school . . . Only one skill. And it’s this: tahamul. Endure!”

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MARIAM

Protagonist #1

Harami- a bastard child

Born out of wedlock to Nana & Jalil

Longs to meet her siblings & live with her father in Herat

Lives in a kolba (shack) with mother in Gul Daman

Resents her mother

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JALIL

Mariam’s father

Former lover of Nana

Wealthy businessman in Herat

Owns a movie theater

Visits Mariam once week

Sends his sons to deliver supplies to Mariam & Nana

Allows the women in his life to control him

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MULLAH FAIZULLAH

Mariam’s religious teacher of the Koran

Kind, loving, father figure to Mariam

Tries to counsel Mariam on how to deal with her mother & her situation as a harami.

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RASHEED

Widowed shoemaker

First son & wife are deceased

Conservative, cruel, abusive, manipulative

Wants his women to be subservient, obedient, & fertile

Despises modern women

Longs terribly for a son

Jalil arranges his marriage to Mariam when she is 15

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THEMES

The inner strength of women among oppressive men

The damaging affects of toxic masculinity

The damaging affects of an abusive patriarchal or theocratic society

The sacrifices of mothers

The human capacity for evil

Loyalty & devotion

A child’s desire for the approval or acceptance of their parents

Unjust double standards for men & women

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POINT OF VIEW

3rd person limited

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SYMBOLS

Rocks

Burqa

Jalil’s theater

Mariam’s green hijab

The wedding ring

Gun/dirty magazines/the photo

Snow/winter

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MEET THE CHARACTERS

BOOK 2:

RUSSIAN INVASION &

THE TALIBAN

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SETTING

Kabul, Afghanistan

1978-1983

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LAILA

2nd protagonist

Only daughter of Fariba/Mammy & Hakim/Babi

Brothers killed in war

Intelligent/Educated

Loves Tariq

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TARIQ

Friend/boyfriend of Laila

Lost leg due to a landmine

Very loyal to Laila

Courageous

Comes from kind parents

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FARIBA/�MAMMY

Laila’s mother

Consumed with grief & depression over the loss of her sons

She’s a distant mother to Laila

Used to be a vibrant member of the community before the Russian invasion

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HAKIM/BABI

Laila’s father

Bookish & Sensitive

Teacher

Feminist

Loving father and mentor

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GITA & HASINA

Laila’s childhood friends

Predict that Laila will be a success

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KAHDIM

Cruel, neighborhood bully

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AHMAD &�NOOR

Laila’s brothers

Died fighting with the Mujahedeen against the Russians

Mother believed they were destined to be leaders of Kabul

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THEMES

The tragic history of Afghanistan

The education of women in the Middle East

The innocence of teenage romance

The destructive nature of the Russian invasion

The cruelty of the Taliban and Sharia Law

The qualities of a positive male/father

The destructive nature of depression & PTSD

Dealing with grief & loss

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SYMBOLS

Burqa

Tariq’s leg

The Old Man & the Sea

The Giant Buddhas of Bamiyan

Mujahedeen

Laili & Majnoon/Romeo & Juliet

“One could not count the moons that shimmer on her roofs,/Or the thousand splendid suns that kind behind her walls.”