Yom Kippur War

1973 October 6 - 25

Laila, Josh, Razan

Summary

Who: Israel Vs. Egypt & Syria

What: Fourth official conflict since their war of �independence

When: 1973, October 6 - 25

Where: Sinai Peninsula & the Golan Heights

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Objectives

• Egyptians wanted to recapture Sinai Peninsula that they had previously lost to Israel in the Six-Day War (Third Arab-Israeli War, in 1967)
• Israel wanted to maintain the territory they believe was rightfully won
• Syria wanted to recapture the Golan Heights that they had previously lost to Israel during the Six-Day War
• Syria and Egypt were supported by the Soviet Union
• Israel was supported by the USA

UN Resolution 338

• Passed by the Security Council on October 22nd 1973, the resolution called upon all warring nations of the Yom Kippur War to cease hostilities within 12 hours, and to immediately commence peace talks.�
• Syria and Israel ceased hostilities over the Golan Heights as requested.�
• Egypt and Israel violated the resolution by continuing hostilities over Sinai.

UN Resolution 339

• Passed by the Security Council on the 23rd of October 1973 as a result of the violation of Resolution 338 by Egypt and Israel. �
• It requested UN Peacekeepers to intervene and impose a ceasefire. �
• The resolution was brought before the General Assembly by the Secretary General and was approved creating United Nations Emergency Force II.

Israel-Syria Separation of Forces Agreement

• The agreement outlined the separation and de-militarization of the Golan Heights.�
• With the agreement, the UN passed resolution 350 on the 31st of May 1974, establishing the United Nations Disengagement Force to monitor the agreement between Syria and Israel. �
• The force is still active to this day.

Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty

• Signed on March 26th 1979 after years of negotiations, the Treaty recognized that the two nations had essentially been in states of war since the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and that conditions had to be normalized. Israel agreed to return the Sinai to Egypt with the condition that strict military deployment limits be in place in the Sinai Peninsula.
• The United Nations Emergency Force II was due to expire that July, and both nations realised how difficult it would be to gain approval for another UN task force.
• The Multinational Force Observers was created as a part of the Peace Treaty as third party observers to facilitate communication and peace between the two nations.

MFO (Multinational Force & Observers)

• Operates checkpoints, patrols, and observation points along the international boundary.
• Verify any and all requests made by either state within 48 hours
• Facilitate communications�between both parties
• http://mfo.org/en/sinai-map�

Sources

Trueman, C. N. (2015, May 26). The Yom Kippur War of 1973 - History Learning Site. Retrieved March 07, 2016, from http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/modern-world-history-1918-to-1980/the-middle-east-1917-to-1973/the-yom-kippur-war-of-1973/

http://www.history.com/topics/yom-kippur-war

http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/operations/newoperation.shtml

http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/339(1973)

http://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/palestine/ch3.pdf

http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/338(1973)

http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/peace/guide/pages/israel-syria%20separation%20of%20forces%20agreement%20-%201974.aspx

http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/350(1974)

http://mfo.org/en/origins

http://mfo.org/en/sinai-map

http://mfo.org/en/our-mission

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