Objectives
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Early Contributions
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Leeuwenhoek’s “animalcules.” �
Where do you think Leeuwenhoek’s animals came from? Where do you think scientists at that time thought they came from?
The Cell Theory
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1. Every living thing is made of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function.
3. All cells come from other cells.
*Why is the Cell Theory called a Theory and not a fact?
Cell Features
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ALL cell have these parts
Cell Membrane
DNA
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Comprehension Checkpoint
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Answer true or false
Prokaryote Cells
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First cells | Simple cells | Bacteria
These cells do NOT have a nucleus
DNA floats within the cytoplasm
Bacteria Images
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Bacteria that causes Anthrax
E. coli - lives in the gut
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Reinforcement (Matching)
1. Flagellum
2. DNA (nucleoid region)
3. Ribosome
4. Pilus
5. Cell Wall
6. Cell Membrane
7. Cell Capsule (E)
8. Cytoplasm
9. Plasmid
Eukaryotic Cells
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Cells found in plants, animals, protists, and fungi
�The cell is composed of 4 main parts:
Nucleus
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*Contains the instructions for building a cell and controlling its functions.
Endoplasmic�Reticulum
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Membrane
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True or False
1. All cells have a nucleus.
2. All cells have a cell membrane.
3. The nucleus contains the cell’s DNA.
4. Chromatin is made of DNA.
5. The nucleolus makes the cell’s DNA.
Cell Structures
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1. Mitochondria – cell’s energy center
- uses oxygen and glucose in a process called cellular respiration.
The mitochondria is sometimes called the “powerhouse” of the cell
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2. Endoplasmic Reticulum – Transport, � "intracellular highway"
-Rough ER contains ribosomes;
-Smooth ER = no ribosomes
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3. Golgi Apparatus – packages and exports proteins.
It is like a factory or a post office.
A vesicle is the package that can be sent out of the cell.
Protein Production
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The cell is like a factory. Its product is protein.
What structure powers the cell factory?
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4. Lysosome – Contains digestive enzymes which breaks things down, also called the"suicide sac”
Babies born with Tay-Sachs have defective lysosomes.
Because they cannot break down waste products, these substances build up in the cells and cause brain damage.
Babies with Tay-Sachs die in early childhood.
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5. Cytoskeleton –
- Helps cell maintain shape
- Involved in movement
- Microtubules provide a framework
- Includes centrioles for cell division
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Flagella - tail-like structures, cells may be one of two
Cilia - shorter, hair-like structures, cell have many
Structures that Function in Movement
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6. Vacuole – storage area for water and other substances, plant cells usually have a large central vacuole
Animal Cell Plant Cell
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Nuclear Membrane
Nucleolus
Nucleus
DNA
Rough ER
Cell Membrane
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Smooth ER
Cytoplasm
Golgi Body
Vesicle
Label the Animal Cell:
Cheek Cells Seen Through Microscope
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How are Plant Cells different from Animal Cells?
1. A large central vacuole stores water.�2. Chloroplasts are used to capture sunlight to create food (photosynthesis)�3. A cell wall surrounds the cell (outside the membrane)
4. Square-shaped
vacuole
cell wall
chloroplast
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Elodea Cells Viewed With a Microscope
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Animal Cell vs Plant Cell
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With a partner, create a VENN diagram showing comparing plant and animal cells.
Organelles With DNA
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Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA (separate from the nucleus)
This supports the ENDOSYMBIOSIS THEORY
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