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THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DEMOGRAPHY: ITS OBJECT, SUBJECT, FUNCTIONS, AND RESEARCH METHODS

Ruziboeva Mushtariy

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  • Stage 1 — Concept matching
  • Match the terms with their correct definitions.
  • 1. Object of demography
  • 2. Subject of demography
  • 3. Demographic function
  • 4. Research method
  • 5. Population process
  • A. Tools used to study population changes�B. The population as a whole�C. Specific aspects of population development�D. Birth, death, migration dynamics�E. Main roles demography plays in society

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Stage 3 — Mini discussion�Discuss:� “Is population growth always beneficial for a country?”�students provide at least two arguments.�

Stage 2 — Short explanation

In pairs, explain in 2–3 sentences:

  • Why demography is important for economic planning?
  • How demographic data influences social policy?

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  • Stage 4 — Fill-in-the-blank exercise
  • Complete the sentences using the words below:
  • (population, analytical, reproduction, statistical, object, migration, functions)
  • The main ______ of demography is the population.
  • Demography studies population ______ such as birth and death rates.
  • One of the key ______ of demography is forecasting population trends.
  • The ______ method involves collecting numerical data.
  • Population ______ includes fertility and mortality processes.
  • The ______ method helps explain causes of demographic changes.
  • ______ is the movement of people from one place to another.

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  • Case study
  • Case: Declining birth rate
  • A country has experienced a steady decline in birth rates over the past 10 years. The government is concerned about future labor shortages and an aging population.
  • Tasks:
  • Identify the demographic problem
  • Explain which function of demography is most relevant
  • Suggest two research methods to analyze the issue
  • Propose one policy recommendation

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  • Short answer questions:
  • 1. What is the object of demography?
  • 2. How does the subject differ from the object?
  • 3. Name three functions of demography.
  • 4. What is the difference between statistical and sociological methods?
  • 5. Why is demographic forecasting important?
  • 6. How does migration affect population structure?
  • 7. What role does demography play in economic development?
  • 8. Define population reproduction.
  • 9. What data sources are commonly used in demographic research?
  • 10. How can demographic research help governments?

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  • Essay task

Essay topic (150–200 words)

  • “The role of demography in understanding social and economic development”
  • You must include:
  • - definition of demography;
  • - its main functions;
  • - importance of research methods
  • - real-world relevance

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