Honors Biology Opener:

1. Some snake venoms are harmful because they contain enzymes that destroy blood cells and tissues. The damage caused by such a snakebite could best be slowed by:
1. Applying ice to the bite area
2. Drinking large amounts of water
3. Inducing vomiting
4. Increasing blood flow to the area

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• The structural formula for cellulose is shown below:

Which phrase correctly describes cellulose?

1. A polymer of glucose
2. A polymer made of phospholipids
3. A monomer made of starch
4. A monomer made of fatty acids

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Agenda:

• Prefix/Suffix Quiz #3
• Finish Cell Structure & Function Notes
• Cell Organelles and Structure Coloring
• Cell Organelle Quizizz Practice
• Plant vs Animal Cells Venn Diagram

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1. How does the white blood cell follow the bacteria?

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• What happens once the bacteria cell is engulfed?

I can…

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...summarize the structure and function of organelles in eukaryotic cells (including the nucleus, plasma membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and ribosomes) and ways that these organelles interact with each other to perform the function of the cell.

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Cell Parts & Functions

Nucleus:

Structure: has a double membrane, contains chromatin

which is made up of DNA, has pores within its membrane

-Nucleolus: small, dense center of nucleus.

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Function: considered the control center for all cell functions

because of the DNA within and provides instructions for

making proteins.

Cell Parts & Functions

Ribosomes:

Structure: small, round, bead-like organelles, composed of

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

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Function: location for proteins to be assembled (protein

synthesis)

Cell Parts & Functions

Cytoplasm:

Structure: clear, gel-like fluid in cell

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Function: holds organelles in place

Cell Parts & Functions

Vacuoles:

Structure:

-Plants Cells: 1 large and prominent vacuole

-Animal Cells: many smaller vacuoles

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Function: provides temporary storage for food, enzymes

and waste.

Cell Parts & Functions

Lysosomes:

Structure: round-ish organelle with a protective membrane

that contains enzymes

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Function: digests excess/worn out organelles, food, viruses,

and bacteria.

Cell Parts & Functions

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

Structure:

-Rough ER: prominent and

directly next to nucleus;

usually have ribosomes attached to it which makes it

look “rough”

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Function:

-Rough ER: intracellular

highway that moves large

amounts of proteins around cell.

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Cell Parts & Functions

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

Structure:

-Smooth ER: located around nucleus; no ribosomes and looks “smooth”

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Function:

-Smooth ER: involved in the making of steroids in gland cells, regulation of calcium levels in muscle cells and breaking down of toxic substances.

Cell Parts & Functions

Golgi Bodies (Apparatus):

Structure: looks like macaroni bound together

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Function: processes, packages, and secretes; also works

with Rough ER to package proteins and export them out

of the cell.

Cell Parts & Functions

Chloroplast:

Structure: bean shaped organelle that contains chlorophyll

and is surrounded by a double membrane.

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Function: absorbs radiant light energy and produces

glucose for use or storage by producers.

Cell Parts & Functions

Mitochondria:

Structure: bean shaped organelle that has folded inner

membrane that increases surface area; surrounded by a double membrane.

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Function: breaks down sugar and transforms that energy

into ATP (cellular respiration).

Cell Parts & Functions

Cilia:

Structure: short, numerous hair-like structures

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Function: helps cell movement and feeding

Cell Parts & Functions

Flagella:

Structure: long, whip-like projection; cells have only one or

two.

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Function: moves in whip-like motion for cell movement.

Cell Parts & Functions

Cytoskeleton:

Structure: network of long protein strands (microfilaments

and microtubules)

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Function: helps cell maintain shape and size, participates in

movement of organelles in cytoplasm, aids in cell dividing.

Cell Parts & Functions

Cell Wall:

Structure: rigid structure outside cell membrane for plants,

fungi and some bacteria.

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Function: provides structure and protection.

Cell Parts & Function

Cell Membrane:

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Structure: flexible double membrane made up of phospholipids and proteins

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Function: allows for transport of molecules and water in and out of the cell; provides structure and protection for cells

Animal vs. Plant Cells

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

• Animal and Plant cells are considered eukaryotic cells.
• Eukaryotic: A type of cell that has membrane-bound organelles

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• Prokaryotic: A type of cell that has no membrane-bound organelles.
• Bacteria are considered prokaryotic cells.

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Prokaryotic Cells

• Usually smaller than eukaryotic cells
• In organisms like bacteria and archaea
• Only a part of unicellular (one cell) organisms
• Reproduce asexually
• Have NO MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES
• Contain ribosomes, a cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm and sometimes flagella
• DNA is in a circular shape called a plasmid in the cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cells

• Usually larger than prokaryotic cells
• In animals, plants, fungi and protists
• Can be part of unicellular or multicellular organisms
• Reproduce sexually or asexually
• Have MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES �(mitochondria, nucleus, chloroplast, vacuoles)
• DNA is packed into linear structures called �chromosomes in the nucleus

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All of these Organisms are made of Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic DNA

• Prokaryotic DNA: In a circular chromosome called a plasmid that floats in the cytoplasm.
• Eukaryotic DNA: In linear chromosomes inside of the nucleus.
• Chromosome = a package of DNA

Do Now: 3-2-1

3 organelles that are in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells

2 differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genetic material

1 difference in size between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

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Think about it …

Angel is looking at a cell under a microscope. She says that its eukaryotic. What is one way that she can know that it's eukaryotic?

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1. She sees that it has ribosomes
2. She sees that it has mitochondria
3. She sees that it has a cell membrane
4. She sees that it has cytoplasm

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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells