John 20:31

But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.

Title

Hebrew

Meaning

Greek

Messiah

mashiach (Str. Heb. 4899)

One who has been anointed with ceremonial oil (anointed one), thus becoming a person with special authority or function

Christos

Triumphant King

Suffering Servant

Royal descendant of King David who would come on the throne and rule forever (2 Samuel 7:12-13)

Die as an offering for the sins of others (Isaiah 53)

Honored among all nations (Isaiah 49:5-7)

Presents Himself on a donkey’s colt in peace (Micah 5:2)

Rule with a rod of iron (Psalm 2:8-9)

Would be pierced by Israel (Zechariah 12:10)

Arrives from the clouds on high in victory (Daniel 7:13-14)

Lots cast for clothing (Psalm 22:18)

David calls Him “my Lord”, origins are from old (Psalm 110:1; Micah 5:2)

Born of a woman in Bethlehem (Genesis 3:15; Micah 5:2)

Called Mighty God, Everlasting Father (Isaiah 9:6-7)

Pierced and bruised for the sins of others (Isaiah 53)

Would perform miracles like Moses (Deuteronomy 18:15-19; Isaiah 35:5-6)

Would be mocked (Psalm 22:7)

Wage war with the Gentiles (us) (Genesis 49:10; Psalm 2:2-5)

Offer peace and light to the Gentiles (us) (Isaiah 42:1-6)

Would reunite all of Israel and Judah (Ezekiel 37:24-25)

Despised and rejected (Isaiah 53:3)

Matthew 2

When the magi from the east came to Herod and asked about the King of the Jews, Herod understood this as a physical threat to his rulership.

Luke 1:68-75

Zechariah, father of John the Baptist, rejoices that the Messiah is being born and will bring salvation from their enemies and usher in peace and safety.

Malachi 4

Matthew 11

John 7

John the Baptist, Jesus’ forerunner and relative, was awaiting execution in prison and sent his disciples to confirm if Jesus was indeed the Messiah. Even the prophetic forerunner of Jesus had doubts; it seems Jesus wasn’t doing it the way that John expected.

John 6:15

After Jesus miraculously fed thousands of Jews, they wanted to crown Him king right then and there.

Mark 10:35-45

A few days before His death, Jesus tells His disciples He would die and rise again and James and John are asking to rule with Christ, expecting His kingdom.

Mark 11:9-11

When Jesus rode into Jerusalem on a donkey, the crowds hailed Him as their King, coming to restore Israel, not as a Lamb coming to sacrifice Himself for their sins.

Matthew 16:21-23

Jesus taught His disciples repeatedly that He must suffer and die and rise again, yet they still didn’t get it. Peter even rebuked Jesus, telling Him that this wouldn’t happen.

Acts 1:6

Even after His resurrection, Jesus’ disciples were still expecting Him to establish an earthly kingdom.

BC

1440s

Slavery and extermination in Egypt

Exodus

930

Civil war splits kingdom into Northern Israel and Southern Judah

1 Kings 11

930 - 722

Frequent wars with neighbors

​

722

Northern Kingdom conquered by Assyrians

2 Kings 17

605

Southern Kingdom conquered by Babylon (first invasion, Daniel taken captive)

2 Kings 24, Daniel 1

597

Judah rebels against Babylon (second invasion)

​

586

Judah rebels against Babylon again, first temple destroyed by Babylon (third invasion)

​

538

Persians conquered Babylon, including Judah, Cyrus allows Jews to return home and rebuild Jerusalem and the temple

Ezra 1, 6

470s

Jews almost exterminated under Persians, Esther saves them

Esther

400

Last book of the OT canon written (Nehemiah or Malachi)

​

330

Jerusalem surrenders to Alexander the Great

Josephus

323 - 200

Jerusalem passed around various kingdoms of Alexander’s 4 generals

​

200

Jerusalem taken by Seleucid Empire

​

175

Antiochus IV Epiphanes (Seleucid ruler) seeks to eradicate Jewish religion, desecrates temple

Maccabees

167

Maccabean Revolt

​

160

Seleucides re-conquer Jerusalem

​

116

Another civil war

​

63

Rome conquers Judah, Jerusalem sacked by Pompey (Roman)

​

53

Crassus (Roman) loots the temple

​

40

Herod appointed “King of the Jews” by Rome

​

6-4

Birth of John the Baptist, Jesus

Gospels

AD

6

Judas the Galilean leads revolt against Roman taxation

Acts 5:37, Josephus

31

Jesus enters Jerusalem, hailed as the Messiah, and is crucified a week later

Gospels

46

Theudas leads rebellion and is killed

Acts 5:36

67-70

Jewish-Roman War, second temple destroyed

Josephus

2 Corinthians 3:7-16

7

Now if the ministry that brought death, which was engraved in letters on stone, came with glory, so that the Israelites could not look steadily at the face of Moses because of its glory, transitory though it was,

8

will not the ministry of the Spirit be even more glorious?

9

If the ministry that brought condemnation was glorious, how much more glorious is the ministry that brings righteousness!

10

For what was glorious has no glory now in comparison with the surpassing glory.

11

And if what was transitory came with glory, how much greater is the glory of that which lasts!

12

Therefore, since we have such a hope, we are very bold.

13

We are not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face to prevent the Israelites from seeing the end of what was passing away.

14

But their minds were made dull, for to this day the same veil remains when the old covenant is read. It has not been removed, because only in Christ is it taken away.

15

Even to this day when Moses is read, a veil covers their hearts.

16

But whenever anyone turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away.

1 Peter 1:8-12

8

Though you have not seen him [Jesus], you love him; and even though you do not see him now, you believe in him and are filled with an inexpressible and glorious joy,

9

for you are receiving the end result of your faith, the salvation of your souls.

10

Concerning this salvation, the prophets, who spoke of the grace that was to come to you, searched intently and with the greatest care,

11

trying to find out the time and circumstances to which the Spirit of Christ in them was pointing when he predicted the sufferings of the Messiah and the glories that would follow.

12

It was revealed to them that they were not serving themselves but you, when they spoke of the things that have now been told you by those who have preached the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven. Even angels long to look into these things.

Zechariah 9:9-10

9

Rejoice greatly, Daughter Zion! Shout, Daughter Jerusalem! See, your king comes to you, righteous and victorious, lowly and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.

10

I will take away the chariots from Ephraim and the warhorses from Jerusalem, and the battle bow will be broken. He will proclaim peace to the nations. His rule will extend from sea to sea and from the River to the ends of the earth.

Isaiah 9:6-7

6

For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and the government will be on his shoulders. And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

7

Of the greatness of his government and peace there will be no end. He will reign on David’s throne and over his kingdom, establishing and upholding it with justice and righteousness from that time on and forever. The zeal of the Lord Almighty will accomplish this.

Isahiah 61:1-6

Luke 4:16-21

1 The Spirit of the Sovereign Lord is on me, because the Lord has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim freedom for the captives and release from darkness for the prisoners,

2 to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor and the day of vengeance of our God, to comfort all who mourn,

3 and provide for those who grieve in Zion—to bestow on them a crown of beauty instead of ashes, the oil of joy instead of mourning, and a garment of praise instead of a spirit of despair. They will be called oaks of righteousness, a planting of the Lord for the display of his splendor.

4 They will rebuild the ancient ruins and restore the places long devastated; they will renew the ruined cities that have been devastated for generations.

5 Strangers will shepherd your flocks; foreigners will work your fields and vineyards.

6 And you will be called priests of the Lord, you will be named ministers of our God. You will feed on the wealth of nations, and in their riches you will boast.

...

16 He went to Nazareth, where he had been brought up, and on the Sabbath day he went into the synagogue, as was his custom. He stood up to read,

17 and the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was handed to him. Unrolling it, he found the place where it is written:

18 “The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim freedom for the prisoners and recovery of sight for the blind, to set the oppressed free,

19 to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor.”

20 Then he rolled up the scroll, gave it back to the attendant and sat down. The eyes of everyone in the synagogue were fastened on him.

21 He began by saying to them, “Today this scripture is fulfilled in your hearing.”

Ephesians 3:1-12

1

For this reason I, Paul, the prisoner of Christ Jesus for the sake of you Gentiles—

2

Surely you have heard about the administration of God’s grace that was given to me for you,

3

that is, the mystery made known to me by revelation, as I have already written briefly.

4

In reading this, then, you will be able to understand my insight into the mystery of Christ,

5

which was not made known to people in other generations as it has now been revealed by the Spirit to God’s holy apostles and prophets.

6

This mystery is that through the gospel the Gentiles are heirs together with Israel, members together of one body, and sharers together in the promise in Christ Jesus.

7

I became a servant of this gospel by the gift of God’s grace given me through the working of his power.

8

Although I am less than the least of all the Lord’s people, this grace was given me: to preach to the Gentiles the boundless riches of Christ,

9

and to make plain to everyone the administration of this mystery, which for ages past was kept hidden in God, who created all things.

10

His intent was that now, through the church, the manifold wisdom of God should be made known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly realms,

11

according to his eternal purpose that he accomplished in Christ Jesus our Lord.

12

In him and through faith in him we may approach God with freedom and confidence.

Mishnah

Jewish oral law, commentary on Scriptures

Written 200 AD

(586 BC - 70 AD)

Gemara

Commentary on the Mishnah

200 - 500 AD

Talmud

Mishnah + Gemara (commentary on commentary)

(Jerusalem Talmud and Babylonian Talmud)

​

Framework for Messianic Prophecy

Start with Jesus as the “puzzle box”

Duality in prophecy (meaning for them and for us)

Second coming was a mystery

Not every verse in OT is about Messiah

Some prophecy can only be understood after the fact

Title

Hebrew

Meaning

Greek

Messiah

mashiach (Str. Heb. 4899)

One who has been anointed with ceremonial oil (anointed one), thus becoming a person with special authority or function

Christos

Mishnah

Jewish oral law, commentary on Scriptures

Written 200 AD

(586 BC - 70 AD)

Gemara

Commentary on the Mishnah

200 - 500 AD

Talmud

Mishnah + Gemara (commentary on commentary)

(Jerusalem Talmud and Babylonian Talmud)

​