Week 18
Flow of Energy and Cycles of Matter
om nom nom
Monday
2023-12-11
Let’s look at what eats what
Do you like holiday movies?
What’s your favorite?
om nom nom
Agenda
HW - Energy Transfer Test 12/20 or 12/21
Last retake given (in class) 12/18
Timeline reminder:
Prep-2-Pass
Finals Week
Goodbye!
Pattern Recognition Time
What is there more of in an ecosystem: producers or consumers?
Why?
What happens to biodiversity as we go up a pyramid?
We aren’t very efficient with Energy
That inefficiency limits how many of us there can be in any trophic level.
Notebook, go:
Notebook, go:
Notebook, go:
If food gives you 2000 Cal, they must have gotten that 2000 Cal from something.
BUT how much E (that’s what Calories are) did they lose?
Notebook, go:
90% of their E.
Your food is gonna be at least 10x as populous as you.
Question:
Since you need so much food to live … what does the introduction or removal of humans to a food web do to the wider ecosystem?
You can probably imagine:
That screws up the food web pretty badly.
Let’s find out how badly.
Article: Study of human impact on food webs and ecosystems yields unexpected insights
We’re going to read and annotate.
Studying food webs can tell us a LOT about how much we humans are affecting an ecosystem.
Background:
What country is this?
Background:
What country is this?
Australia!
Looooong colonial history, much like the US of A.
Background:
What’s Australia like?
?
Background:
What’s Australia like?
Background:
In fact, most of Australia is a desert.
There’s also some grasslands and forests.
It’s where our Eucalyptus trees come from.
Background:
In modern Australia, most people don’t live in that desert part of the country.
Where do they live?
Background:
When Europeans first started colonizing Australia, it was already inhabited by various (what we now call) Aboriginal peoples (Indigenous Australians)
Many tribes lived in the deserts as hunter gatherers.
Background:
One such group of peoples is the Martu.
They were one of the last peoples to make contact with European Australians.
Background:
Why?
Because they traditionally lived here:
In the desert.
Where most White people didn’t live (and still don’t)
Background:
Their ancestral home is a desert, but it gets lush some during the summer rainy season.
Background:
Do you think the Martu still live like they used to?
background:
No.
In the 1950s and 1960s, they began to be moved to reservations (“Determinations”), into boarding schools, off of hunting grounds.
Nomadic lifestyles were out, sedentary was in.
Background
That had a HUGE impact on food webs.
‘cause humans are an important part of them.
Come up and grab an article, one per person, glue in notebook.
Protocol:
Agenda 12/12
HW - Bring pages 159-168
Energy Transfer Test Wed/Thurs (12/20, 12/21)
Protocol:
As we go over article, I annotate with you~
Will go onto Canvas.
P1
P5
P7
P2
P6
Let’s practice for a second!
Let’s modify this food chain a bit.
Figure out what trophic level things are at.
E.g. Plants are eaten by these mammals…
Let’s practice for a second!
Try to connect more:
Let’s practice for a second!
Might get something like…
Let’s practice for a second!
Hey look, you made a food web!
Let’s practice for a second!
What is the trophic level of:
Humans?
Snakes?
Emu?
Camel?
Plants?
Let’s practice for a second!
What is the trophic level of:
Humans? Quat
Snakes? Tert
Emu? Sec
Camel? Pri Con
Plants? Pri Pro
Practice
This number stuff can be a mite confusing.
So here’s a practice worksheet.
Have at it!
5 minute break is go
Tiny sheet of paper
This is the notes for today.
Short, sweet.
Because!
It builds into something you will make that you can use on your next test.
Agenda 12/14
HW - Study for test!
Period 1 - Thursday, 12/21
Period 3 - Wednesday, 12/20
A food web:
Definitely tells us that Energy is moving around.
But organisms aren’t just Energy.
Life is made out of matter.
Like biomolecules!
What alphabet soup of elements are we (mostly) made out of?
Carbohydrates:
Proteins:
Lipids:
Nucleic acids:
Insert picture → search the web → “life” → get pineapple…
Life is made out of matter.
Remember biomolecule?
What alphabet soup of elements are we (mostly) made out of?
Carbohydrates: CHO
Proteins: CHON(S)
Lipids: CHO
Nucleic acids: CHONP
Insert picture → search the web → “life” → get pineapple…
Matter
C H O N P S
And K, Ca, Cl, Na, Mg, Mn, Fe…
Where do we get those CHONPS?
Do we create and destroy them?
Where do we get those CHONPS?
Do we create and destroy them?
NO!
Destruction and creation of matter, courtesy bomb
You know it, I know it, we get our CHONPS by eating things.
But where did those organisms get their elements from?
Where do elements go when we shuffle off our mortal coil?
That’s an olde fashioned euphemism for biting the dust, kicking the bucket, joining the choir invisible
Cycles of Matter Tell Us
Cycles involve abiotic and biotic factors
Cycles of Matter tell us:
For Example: Water Cycle
Let’s do an example you all recognize and know (also, it’s rainy season so good timing, me).
Notebooks, activate.
Things on all cycles:
Reservoirs: where matter is held
Flux: how that matter moves from place to place
2 min: draw water cycle
Things on all cycles:
Reservoirs: where matter is held
Flux: how that matter moves from place to place
2 min: work together, label parts of water cycle
Things on all cycles:
We can measure flux.
In drought, what happens to precipitation? Evaporation? Tree and lake reservoirs?
In a hurricane, what happens to them?
On cycle, show that:
Drought: DOWN
Rainy Season: UP
How does the Flow of Energy and Cycling of Matter compare?
How does the Flow of Energy and Cycling of Matter compare?
Let’s make a Venn Diagram:
Cycles of Matter Flow of E
How does the Flow of Energy and Cycling of Matter compare?
Let’s make a Venn Diagram:
Cycles of Matter Flow of E
+eating
+respiration
+p.s.
+arrows!
cycles - no loss
flow - lossy
What now?
Test is next Wednesday/Thursday.
A portion of test will be about cycles.
But I don’t want you to just memorize cycles.
That’s not worth anything to me (and I promised you no more chemicals and reactions).
There is 1 cycle that is the most important for our life right now:
The Carbon Cycle.
You will be allowed to bring a PERSONALLY MADE copy of this cycle to the test.
The back of your notes actually has a list of things to include in the carbon cycle.
AND it lists processes and flux rates (in GigaTonnes - billions of tons of carbon dioxide)
Real Quick:
Reservoirs
Atmosphere
The air, clouds
Full of CO, CO2, Methane (CH4)
Real Quick:
Reservoirs
Geosphere
The earth, holds carbon inside.
Releases carbon when weathered away, eroded
Real Quick:
Reservoirs
Oceans
Enormous bodies of water
Upper layers and lower layers ARE different
Living things in it, dissolved CO2 in it
Real Quick:
Reservoirs
Plants and Algae in water, on land
They do photosynthesis
Take in CO2
Real Quick:
Reservoirs
Organisms
The living
They breathe and die and burn and produces CO2
Real Quick:
Reservoirs
Fossil fuels
Burned by humans as source of Energy, Power
Produce CO2 when burned
Real Quick:
Reservoirs
Volcanoes like Mt. St. Helens
Go boom
Produce LOTS of CO2
Your Task
Make a carbon cycle.
Start by drawing out all the reservoirs.
Then connect with processes, label w/ flux numbers.
Then calculate: is more C entering or leaving the atmosphere? By how much?
Break
Practice Quiz time!
Get out notebook, cycle of matter diagram.
Practice Quiz: Flow of Energy
DOK1:
Where are carnivores on a food chain or trophic pyramid?
Practice Quiz: Flow of Energy
DOK2:
How much Energy is lost when raccoon eats bird?
Practice Quiz: Flow of Energy
DOK2:
True or False:
Nothing on this web is 100% efficient with its energy.
Practice Quiz: Flow of Energy
DOK2:
Identify a tertiary consumer.
What makes it tertiary?
Practice Quiz: Flow of Energy
DOK3:
Order the organisms from largest population size to smallest.
Explain your ordering.
Practice Quiz: Flow of Energy
DOK4:
When the Martu were kicked off their land, camels spread, eating many native plants.
What would that do to the population sizes of producers and consumers? Why?
Practice Test: Flow of Energy
Where are carnivores on a food chain or trophic pyramid?
How much Energy is lost when raccoon eats bird?
Nothing on this web is 100% efficient. (T/F)
Identify a tertiary consumer.
Order the organisms from largest population size to smallest.
Practice Test: Flow of Energy
Where are carnivores? At the top, b/c eat other consumers so smallest populatioN, least Energy
How much Energy is lost? ~90%
Nothing on this web is 100% efficient. (T)
Identify a tertiary. Hawk eats Raccoon, Owl (2nd con)
Order the organism: Tree, Squirrel & Bird, Raccoon & Owl, Hawk. Energy available rapidly decreases as up chain / pyramid, so populations must be smaller.
Practice Quiz: Flow of Energy
Camels spread, eat plants. What would that do to the population sizes of producers and consumers? Why?
Practice Quiz: Flow of Energy
Fewer plants → less E for herbivores → fewer herbivores → less E for carnivores → fewer carnivores → population & community sizes down, biodiversity sad :(
Need more practice?
Online there is an activity for looking at trophic pyramids and what’s in them and energy loss / gain.
Answer key goes online after school.
Did you finish your research into park ecosystems and build your food web?
Otherwise, work on your Carbon Cycle diagram.
When you finish your cycle, should be able to:
Week 19
12/18-12/21
Retake time!
12-18-2023
Phones in the holder!
Need a pencil/eraser!
You want your old test? Have at it!
Test time!
12-20-2023
12-21-2023
Phones in the holder!
Need a pencil/eraser!
Take out your diagram! I check it, you turn it in with test.
You got checked but didn’t turn it in? No test points