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by Matt Trinh

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PhD, M Optom, B Optom / B Sc (Hons)

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m.trinh@unsw.edu.au

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by Matt Trinh

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PhD, M Optom, B Optom / B Sc (Hons)

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m.trinh@unsw.edu.au

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​

Embase

​

PubMed

​

Google

Scholar

LITERATURE

Posterior Eye Education & Research Society

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by Matt Trinh

​

PhD, M Optom, B Optom / B Sc (Hons)

​

m.trinh@unsw.edu.au

​

​

Embase

​

PubMed

​

Google

Scholar

LITERATURE

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Disclosures

  • No disclosures
  • Images generated from UNSW CoPilot, powered by DALL-E 3.

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Objectives

Learn how to interpret the latest research

effectively and efficiently, as a clinician.

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Objectives

Learn how to interpret the latest research

effectively and efficiently, as a clinician.

​

Example topics for today:

Eye drops to tx cataracts

Red light therapy to tx AMD

Spectacle blue filters to tx visual fatigue

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Introduction

Why am I suited to give this talk?

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  1. I’m a clinician.

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Introduction

Why am I suited to give this talk?

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  1. I’m a clinician.

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  • I’m a researcher.

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Introduction

Why am I suited to give this talk?

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  1. I’m a clinician.

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  • I’m a researcher.

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  • I dislike reading.

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Introduction

Why am I suited to give this talk?

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  1. I’m a clinician.

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  • I’m a researcher.

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  • I dislike reading.

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  • I’m very practical.

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Introduction

Why am I suited to give this talk?

​

  1. I’m a clinician.

​

  • I’m a researcher.

​

  • I dislike reading.

​

  • I’m very practical.

i.e., I want the answer ASAP.

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Introduction

Evidence-based Medicine and Healthcare (EBM)

  • Formally coined in the 1980s, evolving alongside the increasing access to evidence (e.g., computers).

References

https://www.bmj.com/content/312/7023/71

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Introduction

Evidence-based Medicine and Healthcare (EBM)

  • Formally coined in the 1980s, evolving alongside the increasing access to evidence (e.g., computers).
  • = “…judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual pxs.”
      • Judicious…i.e., utilise your clinical experience and expertise.
      • Care…i.e., ensure outcomes are centred around the px.

References

https://www.bmj.com/content/312/7023/71

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Introduction

Evidence-based Medicine and Healthcare (EBM)

  • Formally coined in the 1980s, evolving alongside the increasing access to evidence (e.g., computers).
  • = “…judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual pxs.”
      • Judicious…i.e., utilise your clinical experience and expertise.
      • Care…i.e., ensure outcomes are centred around the px.
  • But how are we supposed to stay on top of thousands of articles per topic per year?

References

https://www.bmj.com/content/312/7023/71

150

3000

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Introduction

  • But how are we supposed to stay on top of thousands of articles per topic per year?
      • Traditionally, we use critical appraisal tools.

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Introduction

  • But how are we supposed to stay on top of thousands of articles per topic per year?
      • Traditionally, we use critical appraisal tools.

​

  • But who’s got time for that…

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Introduction

Here’s how I check whether a paper is ‘good quality’:

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​

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Just

Do

It…

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Introduction

Here’s how I check whether a paper is ‘good quality’:

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​

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Just

Do

It…

Tomorrow

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Introduction

Here’s how I check whether a paper is ‘good quality’:

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​

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Journal

Design

Illustrations

Translation

References

https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/nike-just-do-it-wallpaper-for-windows--347269821276519208/

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Efficient critical appraisal

Journal

  • Typically, robust science will be published in English language journals (sorry!).

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Efficient critical appraisal

Journal

  • Typically, robust science will be published in English language journals (sorry!).
  • Check Scimago Ophthalmology for journal quartiles.
      • SJR = number and influence of citations.

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Efficient critical appraisal

Journal

  • Typically, robust science will be published in English language journals (sorry!).
  • Check Scimago Ophthalmology for journal quartiles.
      • SJR = number and influence of citations.
      • As of 2023 there are 141 Ophthalmology journals (includes Optometry).
      • Stick to Quartiles 1 and 2.

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​

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Efficient critical appraisal

Journal

  • Stick to Scimago Quartile 1 & 2 journals.

Design (study methodology)

​

​

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Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use

Rank these from highest to lowest level of evidence.

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

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Efficient critical appraisal

Journal

  • Stick to Scimago Quartile 1 & 2 journals.

Design (study methodology)

​

​

​

​

​

Systematic review +

meta-analysis

Randomised controlled trials

Cohort studies

Case-control studies

Case series/reports

Expert editorials and narrative reviews

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Efficient critical appraisal

Journal

  • Stick to Scimago Quartile 1 & 2 journals.

Design (study methodology)

  • This is a general guide

​

​

​

​

​

Systematic review +

meta-analysis

Randomised controlled trials

Cohort studies

Case-control studies

Case series/reports

Expert editorials and narrative reviews

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Efficient critical appraisal

Journal

  • Stick to Scimago Quartile 1 & 2 journals.

Design (study methodology)

  • This is a general guide
  • Remember, RCTs are not always feasible
      • E.g., non-interventional/natural history studies.

​

​

​

​

​

Systematic review +

meta-analysis

Randomised controlled trials

Cohort studies

Case-control studies

Case series/reports

Expert editorials and narrative reviews

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Efficient critical appraisal

Journal

  • Stick to Scimago Quartile 1 & 2 journals.

Design (study methodology)

  • Start with meta-analyses, then RCTs (if available).

​

​

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Efficient critical appraisal

Journal

  • Stick to Scimago Quartile 1 & 2 journals.

Design (study methodology)

  • Start with meta-analyses, then RCTs (if available).

Illustrations (Figures & Tables)

  • A picture is worth a thousand words, literally!

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​

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Efficient critical appraisal

Journal

  • Stick to Scimago Quartile 1 & 2 journals.

Design (study methodology)

  • Start with meta-analyses, then RCTs (if available).

Illustrations (Figures & Tables)

  • A picture is worth a thousand words, literally!

​

​

​

References

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fblank.assurances.gov.gh%2Fword%2Ffew-word-do-trick.html&psig=AOvVaw2zLQfQcfOAYUQAgXG-p5RP&ust=1720271685622000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCLiIxs79j4cDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

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Efficient critical appraisal

Journal

  • Stick to Scimago Quartile 1 & 2 journals.

Design (study methodology)

  • Start with meta-analyses, then RCTs (if available).

Illustrations (Figures & Tables)

  • A picture is worth a thousand words, literally!
  • Be very careful of error bars:

​

​

​

References

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fblank.assurances.gov.gh%2Fword%2Ffew-word-do-trick.html&psig=AOvVaw2zLQfQcfOAYUQAgXG-p5RP&ust=1720271685622000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCLiIxs79j4cDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

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Efficient critical appraisal

  • Be very careful of error bars:

​

​

      • Standard error of the mean (SEM) = precision of mean.
        • Looks deceptively small! Incorrectly used a lot.

​

​

​

References

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fblank.assurances.gov.gh%2Fword%2Ffew-word-do-trick.html&psig=AOvVaw2zLQfQcfOAYUQAgXG-p5RP&ust=1720271685622000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCLiIxs79j4cDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

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Efficient critical appraisal

  • Be very careful of error bars:

​

​

      • Standard error of the mean (SEM) = precision of mean.
        • Looks deceptively small! Incorrectly used a lot.

​

​

​

References

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fblank.assurances.gov.gh%2Fword%2Ffew-word-do-trick.html&psig=AOvVaw2zLQfQcfOAYUQAgXG-p5RP&ust=1720271685622000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCLiIxs79j4cDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

SEM

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Efficient critical appraisal

  • Be very careful of error bars:
      • Standard deviation (SD) = variability of whole data.

​

      • Standard error of the mean (SEM) = precision of mean.
        • Looks deceptively small! Incorrectly used a lot.

​

​

​

References

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fblank.assurances.gov.gh%2Fword%2Ffew-word-do-trick.html&psig=AOvVaw2zLQfQcfOAYUQAgXG-p5RP&ust=1720271685622000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCLiIxs79j4cDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

SEM

SD

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Efficient critical appraisal

  • Be very careful of error bars:
      • Standard deviation (SD) = variability of whole data.
      • 95% confidence interval (CI) = precision of whole data.
      • Standard error of the mean (SEM) = precision of mean.
        • Looks deceptively small! Incorrectly used a lot.

​

​

​

References

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fblank.assurances.gov.gh%2Fword%2Ffew-word-do-trick.html&psig=AOvVaw2zLQfQcfOAYUQAgXG-p5RP&ust=1720271685622000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCLiIxs79j4cDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

SEM

95% CI

SD

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Efficient critical appraisal

Journal

  • Stick to Scimago Quartile 1 & 2 journals.

Design (study methodology)

  • Start with meta-analyses, then RCTs (if available).

Illustrations (Figures & Tables)

  • Pay attention to error bars!

​

​

​

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Efficient critical appraisal

Journal

  • Stick to Scimago Quartile 1 & 2 journals.

Design (study methodology)

  • Start with meta-analyses, then RCTs (if available).

Illustrations (Figures & Tables)

  • Pay attention to error bars!

Translation (px relevance)

  • Are the results meaningful to the px?

​

​

​

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Efficient critical appraisal

Journal

  • Stick to Scimago Quartile 1 & 2 journals.

Design (study methodology)

  • Start with meta-analyses, then RCTs (if available).

Illustrations (Figures & Tables)

  • Pay attention to error bars!

Translation (px relevance)

  • Are the results meaningful to the px?
      • Pxs do not care about structural measures, e.g., RNFL thickness

​

​

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Efficient critical appraisal

Journal

  • Stick to Scimago Quartile 1 & 2 journals.

Design (study methodology)

  • Start with meta-analyses, then RCTs (if available).

Illustrations (Figures & Tables)

  • Pay attention to error bars!

Translation (px relevance)

  • Are the results meaningful to the px?
      • Pxs do not care about structural measures, e.g., RNFL thickness
      • Pxs care about functional measures, e.g., VA, and px-relevant measures, e.g., ability to read.

​

​

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Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use

Is there enough evidence to recommend Catalin for cataracts? �[group discussion]

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Catalin = Pirenoxine

  • Typically sold in Asia as a cataract tx and prophylaxis.

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Catalin = Pirenoxine

  • Typically sold in Asia as a cataract tx and prophylaxis.

Journal

  • Q4 journal, would discard.

​

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Catalin = Pirenoxine

  • Typically sold in Asia as a cataract tx and prophylaxis.

Journal

  • Q4 journal, would discard.

Design

  • Non-randomised, non-blinded intervention study.

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Catalin = Pirenoxine

  • Typically sold in Asia as a cataract tx and prophylaxis.

Journal

  • Q4 journal, would discard.

Design

  • Non-randomised, non-blinded intervention study.

Illustrations

  • Not worth looking at.

​

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Catalin = Pirenoxine

  • Typically sold in Asia as a cataract tx and prophylaxis.

Journal

  • Q4 journal, would discard.

Design

  • Non-randomised, non-blinded intervention study.

Illustrations

  • Not worth looking at.

Translation

  • No functional or px-relevant outcome.

​

​

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

But that’s only one study…

​

​

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

But that’s only one study…

​

​

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

But that’s only one study…

​

​

​

  • If you’re worried about search terms being too vague, check ‘Advanced’ for the mapping.

​

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

But that’s only one study…

​

​

​

  • If you’re worried about search terms being too vague, check ‘Advanced’ for the mapping.
      • We can see that it’s appropriately mapped ‘catalin’ to ‘pirenoxine’.

​

​

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

But that’s only one study…

​

​

​

  • No meta-analyses ☹

​

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

But that’s only one study…

​

​

​

  • No meta-analyses ☹
  • 3 RCTs

​

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

But that’s only one study…

​

​

​

  • No meta-analyses ☹
  • 3 RCTs 🡪 display all abstracts on one page.
      • 1983 paper, null effect.

​

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

But that’s only one study…

​

​

​

  • No meta-analyses ☹
  • 3 RCTs 🡪 display all abstracts on one page.
      • 1983 paper, null effect.
      • 1987 paper, null effect.

​

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

But that’s only one study…

​

​

​

  • No meta-analyses ☹
  • 3 RCTs 🡪 display all abstracts on one page.
      • 1983 paper, null effect.
      • 1987 paper, null effect.
      • 2017 paper, maybe something??
        • Terribly named!

​

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Journal

  • Scientific Reports = decent mega-journal.

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​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Journal

  • Scientific Reports = decent mega-journal.

Design

  • RCT in humans.

​

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Journal

  • Scientific Reports = decent mega-journal.

Design

  • RCT in humans.

Illustrations

  • To check…

​

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Journal

  • Scientific Reports = decent mega-journal.

Design

  • RCT in humans.

Illustrations

  • To check…

Translation

  • ??

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Journal

  • Scientific Reports = decent mega-journal.

Design

  • RCT in humans.

Illustrations

  • To check…

Translation

  • Probably no px relevance, but maybe?

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Illustrations

  • Let’s check out accommodation.

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Illustrations

  • Let’s check out accommodation.

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Illustrations

  • Let’s check out accommodation.

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Illustrations

  • Let’s check out accommodation.

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Illustrations

  • Let’s check out accommodation.
      • N = only 5 in tx group!!
        • 4 ~unchanged, 1 rapidly declined.

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Illustrations

  • Let’s check out accommodation.
      • N = only 5 in tx group!!
        • 4 ~unchanged, 1 rapidly declined.
      • Non-blinded!
        • Maybe tx group just tried 0.16D harder?

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

Journal

  • Scientific Reports = decent mega-journal.

Design

  • RCT in humans.

Illustrations

  • Unconvincing.

Translation

  • Unconvincing.

​

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Topic #1: Catalin eye drops to tx cataracts

​

Is there enough evidence to recommend Catalin eye drops for cataracts?

​

NO

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Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use

Is red light therapy effective for AMD?��[group discussion - consider where you've heard the evidence from]

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

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Topic #2: Red light therapy to tx AMD

​

​

​

​

  • 2129 studies

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Topic #2: Red light therapy to tx AMD

​

​

​

​

  • 2129 studies
  • 23 meta-analyses 🡪 1 ~relevant, uncertain effect.

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Topic #2: Red light therapy to tx AMD

​

​

​

​

  • 2129 studies
  • 23 meta-analyses 🡪 1 ~relevant, uncertain effect.
  • 146 RCTs 🡪 7 RCTs from 2021 onwards (after the systematic review)

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Topic #2: Red light therapy to tx AMD

​

​

​

​

  • 2129 studies
  • 23 meta-analyses 🡪 1 ~relevant, uncertain effect.
  • 146 RCTs 🡪 7 RCTs from 2021 onwards (after the systematic review) 🡪 1 relevant.

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Topic #2: Red light therapy to tx AMD

Journal

  • Good journal.

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Topic #2: Red light therapy to tx AMD

Journal

  • Good journal.

Design

  • RCT.

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Topic #2: Red light therapy to tx AMD

Journal

  • Good journal.

Design

  • RCT.

Illustrations

  • To check…

​

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Topic #2: Red light therapy to tx AMD

Journal

  • Good journal.

Design

  • RCT.

Illustrations

  • To check…

Translation

  • ??

​

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Topic #2: Red light therapy to tx AMD

Journal

  • Good journal.

Design

  • RCT.

Illustrations

  • To check…

Translation

  • Maybe…

​

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Topic #2: Red light therapy to tx AMD

Illustrations

  • Focusing on decrease in new onset geographic atrophy.
      • 1% of pxs with tx developed GA versus 10% without tx 🡪 sounds great!

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Topic #2: Red light therapy to tx AMD

Illustrations

  • Focusing on decrease in new onset geographic atrophy.
      • 1% of pxs with tx developed GA versus 10% without tx 🡪 sounds great!
      • Raw numbers are small, but promising.

​

​

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Topic #2: Red light therapy to tx AMD

Journal

  • Good journal.

Design

  • RCT

Illustrations

  • Maybe…

Translation

  • Maybe…

​

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Topic #2: Red light therapy to tx AMD

​

Is red light therapy effective for AMD?

​

DON’T KNOW YET

​

But don’t get sucked in by structural/drusen changes.

​

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Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use

Is there enough evidence to recommend spectacle blue light filters for visual fatigue? [group discussion]

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

​

​

​

​

  • 1 meta-analysis.

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

​

​

​

​

  • 1 meta-analysis.
  • But 5 systematic reviews.

​

​

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses, what’s the difference?

  • Systematic review = whole process of systematically and transparently appraising the literature.

​

​

​

​

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses, what’s the difference?

  • Systematic review = whole process of systematically and transparently appraising the literature.
      • Meta-analysis = quantified analysis appraising the literature, within a systematic review.

​

​

​

​

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses, what’s the difference?

  • Systematic review = whole process of systematically and transparently appraising the literature.
      • Meta-analysis = quantified analysis appraising the literature, within a systematic review.
        • Sometimes, meta-analyses are not feasible if…:
          • Not enough homogeneous (similarly defined) studies.
          • Not enough high-quality studies.

​

​

​

​

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses, what’s the difference?

  • Systematic review = whole process of systematically and transparently appraising the literature.
      • Meta-analysis = quantified analysis appraising the literature, within a systematic review.
        • Sometimes, meta-analyses are not feasible if…:
          • Not enough homogeneous (similarly defined) studies.
          • Not enough high-quality studies.
  • In my opinion, having a meta-analysis is a lot more powerful than not having one, because…:

​

​

​

​

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses, what’s the difference?

  • Systematic review = whole process of systematically and transparently appraising the literature.
      • Meta-analysis = quantified analysis appraising the literature, within a systematic review.
        • Sometimes, meta-analyses are not feasible if…:
          • Not enough homogeneous (similarly defined) studies.
          • Not enough high-quality studies.
  • In my opinion, having a meta-analysis is a lot more powerful than not having one, because…:
      • “Numbers don’t lie”

​

​

​

​

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses, what’s the difference?

  • Systematic review = whole process of systematically and transparently appraising the literature.
      • Meta-analysis = quantified analysis appraising the literature, within a systematic review.
        • Sometimes, meta-analyses are not feasible if…:
          • Not enough homogeneous (similarly defined) studies.
          • Not enough high-quality studies.
  • In my opinion, having a meta-analysis is a lot more powerful than not having one, because…:
      • “Numbers don’t lie”
      • A systematic review is a very rigid process, but its strength is not in its objectivity but its transparency.

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses, what’s the difference?

  • Systematic review = whole process of systematically and transparently appraising the literature.
      • Meta-analysis = quantified analysis appraising the literature, within a systematic review.
        • Sometimes, meta-analyses are not feasible if…:
          • Not enough homogeneous (similarly defined) studies.
          • Not enough high-quality studies.
  • In my opinion, having a meta-analysis is a lot more powerful than not having one, because…:
      • “Numbers don’t lie”
      • A systematic review is a very rigid process, but its strength is not in its objectivity but its transparency.

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

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  • 1 meta-analysis.

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Journal

  • Good journal.

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Journal

  • Good journal.

Design

  • Systematic review + meta-analysis.

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Journal

  • Good journal.

Design

  • Systematic review + meta-analysis.

Illustrations

  • To check…

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Journal

  • Good journal.

Design

  • Systematic review + meta-analysis.

Illustrations

  • To check…

Translation

  • Yes, but null effect.

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Illustrations

  • Let’s check visual fatigue symptoms…
      • No meta-analysis specifically for spectacle blue light filters ☹

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Illustrations

  • Let’s check visual fatigue symptoms…
      • No meta-analysis specifically for spectacle blue light filters ☹
  • Now I have to read ☹

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Illustrations

  • Let’s check visual fatigue symptoms…
      • No meta-analysis specifically for spectacle blue light filters ☹
  • Now I have to read ☹
      • 3 RCTs, n = 166 total.
        • Dabrowiecki et al 2020, n = 10; intervention duration 5 days
        • Lin et al 2017, n = 36; intervention duration 2 hrs!
        • Singh et al 2021, n = 120; intervention duration 2 hrs!

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Illustrations

  • Let’s check visual fatigue symptoms…
      • No meta-analysis specifically for spectacle blue light filters ☹
  • Now I have to read ☹
      • 3 RCTs, n = 166 total. intervention duration 2hrs or 5days.
      • Measured…:
        • Visual fatigue score
        • Critical flicker fusion frequency
        • Dry eye symptom score
        • Acc ampl
        • NPC
        • Blink rate
        • Adverse events

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Illustrations

  • Let’s check visual fatigue symptoms…
      • No meta-analysis specifically for spectacle blue light filters ☹
  • Now I have to read ☹
      • 3 RCTs, n = 166 total. intervention duration 2hrs or 5days.
      • Measured…:
        • Visual fatigue score 🡪 no sig diff 3 RCTs
        • Critical flicker fusion frequency 🡪 no sig diff 1 RCT; possible imprvmt 1 RCT
        • Dry eye symptom score 🡪 no sig diff 2 RCTs
        • Acc ampl 🡪 no sig diff 1 RCT
        • NPC 🡪 no sig diff 1 RCT
        • Blink rate 🡪 no sig diff 1 RCT
        • Adverse events 🡪 none 1 RCT

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Illustrations

  • Let’s check visual fatigue symptoms…
      • No meta-analysis specifically for spectacle blue light filters ☹
  • Now I have to read ☹
      • 3 RCTs, n = 166 total. intervention duration 2hrs or 5days.
      • Measured…:
        • Visual fatigue score 🡪 no sig diff 3 RCTs
        • Critical flicker fusion frequency 🡪 no sig diff 1 RCT; possible imprvmt 1 RCT
        • Dry eye symptom score 🡪 no sig diff 2 RCTs
        • Acc ampl 🡪 no sig diff 1 RCT
        • NPC 🡪 no sig diff 1 RCT
        • Blink rate 🡪 no sig diff 1 RCT
        • Adverse events 🡪 none 1 RCT

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Overall ~null effect after 2hrs wear

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

Journal

  • Good journal.

Design

  • Systematic review + meta-analysis.

Illustrations

  • Effect not useful after only 2hrs wear.

Translation

  • Yes, but null effect.

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Topic #3: Spectacle blue light filters

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Are spectacle blue light filters effective for visual fatigue?

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NO

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At least not after only 2hrs of wear.

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Summary

Example topics for today:

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  • Eye drops to tx cataracts.

  • Red light therapy to tx AMD.

  • Spectacle blue filters to tx visual fatigue.

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Summary

Example topics for today:

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  • Eye drops to tx cataracts. NO.

  • Red light therapy to tx AMD. Don’t know yet, could be promising?

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  • Spectacle blue filters to tx visual fatigue. No, maybe with longer wear times?

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Summary

Learn how to interpret the latest research

effectively and efficiently, as a clinician.

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Just

Do

It…

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Summary

Learn how to interpret the latest research

effectively and efficiently, as a clinician.

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Just

Do

It…

Tomorrow

References

https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/nike-just-do-it-wallpaper-for-windows--347269821276519208/

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Summary

Learn how to interpret the latest research

effectively and efficiently, as a clinician.

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Journal

Design

Illustrations

Translation

References

https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/nike-just-do-it-wallpaper-for-windows--347269821276519208/

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Summary

Learn how to interpret the latest research

effectively and efficiently, as a clinician.

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Journal – check Scimago for Q1/Q2

Design – meta-analyses and RCTs

Illustrations – Figures/Tables

Translation – px relevance

References

https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/nike-just-do-it-wallpaper-for-windows--347269821276519208/

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MCQs

1) Which of these should you NOT consider when trying to appraise the literature efficiently?

a) Journal quality/tier

b) Design (study methodology)

c) Illustrations (Figures and Tables)

d) Translation (px relevance)

e) Critical appraisal tool

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MCQs

2) Which of these study designs is considered the highest level of evidence?

a) Case-control study

b) Systematic review and meta-analysis

c) Narrative review

d) Longitudinal cohort study

e) Randomised clinical trial

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MCQs

3) Which of these outcome measures would be least important for a patient?

a) Visual acuity

b) Visual fields

c) Drusen size

d) Vision-related quality-of-life

e) Contrast sensitivity

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MCQs

4) Which option below generally provides us with the lowest level of evidence?

a) Systematic reviews and meta-analyses found on PubMed

b) Posts in Facebook SiCo

c) Eyewiki.org

d) Youtube videos by someone without any eye expertise

e) Case report in a non-English journal

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MCQs

5) Which of these error bars are deceptively small and you should be very wary of?

a) Standard deviation

b) Standard error of the mean

c) Range

d) 95% confidence interval

e) Variance

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Posterior Eye Education & Research Society