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S T U D E N T G U I D E

Women Who Fought for the American Revolution

Based on evidence from the sources, why might some stories of women’s contributions to the American Revolution have been celebrated or overlooked over time?

View this lesson at ThinkCERCA

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Table of Contents

Skills Focus

  • Build Your Vocabulary: Map a Word
  • Cornell Notes: Understanding a Topic Through Multiple Texts

Overview and Connect

  • Find Your Purpose for Learning
  • Share Your Personal Connection

Read and Check

  • Share Your Reflections
  • Test Prep Strategy: Prediction (Optional)

Analyze / Engage with the Text

  • Highlight and Annotate

Summarize

  • Write a Summary

Develop / Build Your Argument

  • Share Your Argument Builder

Draft and Review / Create your CERCA

  • Peer Editing Activity
  • Reflect on Your Writing

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Extension Activities

  • Research Activity: Women in War Commemorative Speech
  • Inquiry to Research: Asking Questions of the Texts

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S K I L L S F O C U S

Build Your Vocabulary: �Map a Word — Gallantry�

Synonym (similar or like word)

Antonym (opposite word)

Picture of Vocabulary Word

Vocabulary Word and Definition

Part of Speech

Root Word or Origin

Sentence Using Vocabulary Word

Instructions: Analyzing key vocabulary words will help you better understand the texts you are reading. Word mapping can also help the words "stick" in your memory. Complete the map below with the vocabulary word provided in the title. Use a dictionary if necessary. Fill as many boxes as you can.

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S K I L L S F O C U S

Cornell Notes: Understanding a Topic Through Multiple Texts

What is a central, or main, idea?

A central, or main, idea is…

How do readers find information from more than one text?

Readers find information…

How can readers compare and contrast multiple texts to understand information?

Readers can compare and contrast…

Instructions: Take notes on the Direct Instruction lesson using the organizer below. Then summarize and reflect on the next page.

Complete the Direct Instruction lesson online at learn.thinkcerca.com

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S K I L L S F O C U S

Cornell Notes: Understanding a Topic Through Multiple Texts

Summarize and Reflect

In your own words and in complete sentences, write a 3–4 sentence summary of this Direct Instruction lesson. An accurate summary will cover the lesson's central ideas and include important details to support those ideas.

Record your summary here:

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O V E R V I E W A N D C O N N E C T

Find Your Purpose for Learning

Instructions: When you have finished reading the Overview for this lesson, answer the following questions in the space below:

What more would you like to learn about some of the ways to recognize the efforts of people that have been forgotten in history? What would you like to know about why women risked physical harm and criminal charges to fight in the American Revolution?

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Read the Overview provided at learn.thinkcerca.com

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O V E R V I E W A N D C O N N E C T

Share Your Personal Connection

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Complete the Connect section for this selection at learn.thinkcerca.com

Instructions:�

  1. Think: On your own, think about your experiences related to the topic.
  2. Pair & Share: With a partner, group, or a trusted listener, share the parts of your response that you feel comfortable sharing.
  3. Reflect: If time permits, reflect on your experience. What ideas did others share that you hadn't considered? How were your ideas alike?

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R E A D

Share Your Reflections

Instructions: During or after you have finished reading, find the questions in the text marked Pause and Reflect. These questions may help you understand the text, or they may help you connect the text to yourself, to other texts, or to the world around you.

Use the space on the left below to answer the reflection questions. Then discuss your answers, noting how they were similar or different.

Record “Pause and Reflect” answers here:

Record discussion reflections here:

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Refer to the Pause and Reflect questions within the Read section of the lesson at learn.thinkcerca.com.

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C H E C K

Test Prep Strategy: Prediction

One way to prepare for assessments is to practice looking for the answers in the text before looking at the answer choices. Use prediction strategies as an opportunity to read a text more carefully.

Read each multiple choice question. In your own words, record your prediction of the correct response in the chart below.

Question on ThinkCERCA

What is the question asking you to do?

Example: Which of the following statements best explains how the passage is structured?

Look for details on the order of ideas in the passage, like order of importance, or cause and effect.

Refer to the multiple choice questions for this lesson at learn.thinkcerca.com.

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A N A L Y Z E / E N G A G E W I T H T H E T E X T

Highlight and Annotate

In this step, you will analyze the text closely, then discuss your findings to begin developing reasoning for your argument.

  1. Read the text again, highlighting and annotating important details. ��Follow the prompts provided. The highlighting prompts will help you with the final writing task. ��You will find evidence to support your own argument or informational piece, as well as models of excellence that will help you better understand a writer’s craft in narratives and poetry. The evidence you highlight will be available when you begin building your draft in the next step.

  1. If time permits, pair and share your highlights and annotations with a classmate. Pay close attention to this conversation! Your thinking is important reasoning that you may include in your final draft.

Return to learn.thinkcerca.com to complete Analyze / Engage with the Text.

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S U M M A R I Z E

Write a Summary

Summaries help you process your thinking about a text and are often a great way to start off an argumentative or informational essay. A good summary shows you have knowledge about a topic.

Practicing summarizing also helps you prepare for the main idea questions posed on many standardized assessments. In addition, summarizing is a helpful skill for working with others, such as when you need to confirm your understanding of what someone else has said. That's a useful skill for all parts of life.

  1. Use the sentence stems provided in the online lesson to summarize the text. Your summary should:
  2. Be brief
  3. Include the main idea and key details
  4. Represent these ideas fairly and accurately �
  5. If time permits, pair and share with a classmate. Read each other’s summary, and discuss how they are similar or different. What did you say were the main idea and key details? Were your summaries fair and accurate? Why?

Return to learn.thinkcerca.com to complete Summarize.

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D E V E L O P / B U I L D Y O U R A R G U M E N T

Share your Argument Builder

When you’ve completed the argument building step, share your results with others, and listen to how they responded to the same question. Ask questions, and give feedback to help strengthen your partners’ reasons and evidence.

Based on evidence from the sources, why might some stories of women’s contributions to the American Revolution have been celebrated or overlooked over time?

Share Your Argument

Listen and Record Others

1.

2.

3.

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D R A F T A N D R E V I E W / C R E A T E Y O U R C E R C A

Peer Editing Activity

  1. Do a self-assessment of your CERCA. Use the online rubric for the lesson on learn.thinkcerca.com, checking each box where you find evidence that you have achieved the criteria.�
  2. Next, collaborate with a classmate to read each other’s drafts. Again, use the rubric to evaluate each other’s work.�
  3. Share insights into what might make your pieces stronger. Find two positive attributes and one area of growth for each draft you review.�
  4. Revise your piece using what you learned from your self-assessment and the feedback from your peers.

Complete your Draft at learn.thinkcerca.com

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D R A F T A N D R E V I E W / C R E A T E Y O U R C E R C A

Reflect on Your Writing

Before you submit your final CERCA, write a brief reflection describing your experience.

An area for growth for me on this piece or in my writing in general is…

The strongest areas of this piece of writing are…

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Through self-assessment and/or peer editing, I learned…

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Extension Activities

The following activities can be used as extensions to this lesson.

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : R E S E A R C H A C T I V I T Y

Women in War Commemorative Speech

Background

Throughout history, women have played an important role in times of conflict. However, at various points in history women were not allowed to join the military, so they found other ways to fight for their countries. Some disguised themselves as men and joined the army, while others helped soldiers on the battlefield. Eventually, some countries allowed women to serve in the military, with some even flying helicopters in combat missions!

In this exercise, you will annotate a commemorative speech. Commemorative speeches are made to celebrate and honor people who have done something that has impacted society in a major way. The speech you will read and annotate was made by the Secretary of Defense, the person in charge of making military decisions, second to the president.

Materials Needed

  • Printed Copy of “Statement by Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III on International Women's Day”
  • Pen or Pencil
  • Annotation Guide
  • K-W-L Chart

Analyze & Annotate

  • Using the annotation guide, you will add annotation symbols to the printout of the speech.

K-W-L

A K-W-L chart describes what you know (K), what you want to know more about (W), and what you learned (L).

  • Use the K-W-L chart on Page 3 to share your thoughts about the speech.

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : R E S E A R C H A C T I V I T Y

Women in War Commemorative Speech

Directions:

  • Using the annotation guide, annotate the following commemorative speech to get some ideas about how to develop one of your own:

Today, on International Women's Day, the Department of Defense recognizes the tremendous, enduring contributions that women Soldiers, Sailors, Marines, Airmen, Guardians, and civilian employees have made in service to our country.

From America's first days, women have made profound sacrifices for our republic. They have made innovative contributions to our national security, blazed trails for future generations, and inspired us with their dedication, skill, and patriotism. Since the Revolutionary War, more than three million women have stepped up to serve their country in uniform, even before the military fully recognized their service.

This year, we mark the 75th anniversary of the Women's Armed Services Integration Act, which paved the way for women to officially serve in all U.S. military branches, and the 10th anniversary of opening all combat roles to women. The logic behind these decisions was clear and compelling: Our military needs the best warfighters in every domain.

That remains true today. Though the Department has made significant progress to break down stubborn barriers for women in the U.S. military, we know that we still have more to do to promote inclusion and well-being and to give all our teammates the opportunity to rise to their full potential. I am personally committed to this vital work. To ensure that we continue to have the strongest fighting force in the world, we must draw on the full power of all our people.

On this International Women's Day and every day, our country thanks the patriots in our extraordinary All-Volunteer Force for the sacrifices that they make to build a stronger, safer, and more secure world.

Annotation Guide

!!!

@

“<3 “

Put a “!!!” on either side of a word or phrase that describes an achievement or accomplishment

Put an “@” symbol on either side of a word or phrase that describes a specific time or place.

Place a “<3” after words or phrases that express thanks.

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : R E S E A R C H A C T I V I T Y

Women in War Commemorative Speech

Directions:

  • Use the K-W-L chart below to explain your experience analyzing the speech.

K

What I know

W

What I want to know more about

L

What I learned

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : I N Q U I R Y T O R E S E A R C H

Ask Questions of the Texts

As you engage with texts in any subject, you can actively ask questions about the author’s purpose, intended audience, and occasion to understand the message. The table below provides examples.

Approaches

Example

Questions about the author

Is the author an authority on this topic? What was the author’s motivation in writing this piece?

Questions about the audience, purpose, and occasion of the text

Why was this article written? Why was it published at this time?

Questions about civics, economics, geography, and history

What are some ways to recognize the efforts of people that get forgotten in history?

Questions about concepts and ideas

Why did women risk physical harm and criminal charges to fight in the American Revolution?

Questions about self and community reflections

How can legends be built from true stories to inspire future generations?

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : I N Q U I R Y T O R E S E A R C H

Ask Questions of the Texts (continued)

Use the table below to record questions about the text you read.

Approaches

Questions

Questions about the author

Questions about the audience, purpose, and occasion of the text

Questions about civics, economics, geography, and history

Questions about concepts and ideas

Self and Community Reflections

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