Evaluating expository essay

Quarter 4 Week 2 Day 4

Short Review

In an expository essay, supporting details help strengthen the main idea by providing clear, reliable, and relevant evidence. These details can be classified into facts and opinions:

• Facts include figures, dates, statistical reports, and research findings, which are verifiable and objective. They add credibility and accuracy to the discussion.
• Opinions, specifically informed opinions, are expert viewpoints based on research and logical reasoning rather than personal preferences or emotions.

To effectively integrate supporting details, writers use paraphrasing and summarizing:

• Paraphrasing involves restating information in one’s own words while maintaining the original meaning.
• Summarizing condenses the main points of a passage into a shorter version, focusing on key ideas.

By distinguishing between facts and informed opinions and applying paraphrasing and summarizing techniques, writers ensure clarity, credibility, and coherence in their expository essays.

Lesson Purpose: Differentiating Claim of Fact, Claim of Value, and Claim of Policy in Problem-Solution Expository Texts

General Objective:

Develop their ability to critically analyze and differentiate between claim of fact, claim of value, and claim of policy as they are used in problem-solution expository texts. They will learn how these claims contribute to persuasion, logical reasoning, and problem-solving in academic writing.

Specific Objectives:

• Define and differentiate the three types of claims:
• Claim of Fact – Asserts something that can be proven true or false using evidence.
• Claim of Value – Evaluates the worth, morality, or significance of something.
• Claim of Policy – Proposes a course of action or solution to a problem.

Specific Objectives:

2.Identify claims in a problem-solution expository text by analyzing how the writer presents evidence, judgment, and proposed action.

3.Evaluate the effectiveness of different claims in supporting the main idea of a problem-and-solution essay.

Specific Objectives:

4. Use claims appropriately when constructing their own problem-solution essays, ensuring clarity and logical argumentation.

This lesson will enhance critical thinking, analytical reading, and writing skills, helping them recognize how different claims shape arguments in academic and real-world discussions.

Instructions:

Match the vocabulary words in Column A with their correct definitions in Column B by writing the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.

E

A

C

D

B

• Claim of Fact
• Claim of Value
• Claim of Policy

Three Kinds of Claim

Is a statement of something that has existed (past), exists (present) or will exist (future)

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Examples:

1.The oldest known disease in the world is leprosy".

2. The death penalty does not deter crime.

Claim of FacT

A claim of value is based on preference such as likes/dislikes (good or bad)

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Examples:

1. The GSW is the best team in NBA.

2. Capital punishment is unjust

Claim of Value

Is a statement that indicates that an action must be taken in specific policies.

Examples:

1. Congress should pass the dream act.

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2. The death penalty should be abolished in Illinois.

Claim of Policy

SUB-TOPIC 3: Differentiating claim of fact, claim of value, and claim of policy as used in problem-solution expository text

1. Explicitation

The teacher asks the students to re-read some of the passages given in the previous activity and let them observe for possible claims present in the texts. The teacher further asks: What is a claim? What are the three types of claims?

2. Worked Example

Guess the Word!

Instructions:

Fill in the missing letters to form the word. The descriptions will serve as a clue for your answers.

1. It means something that has actual existence, a piece of information presented as having objective reality.

A

T

2. It simply means to take.

A

3. It means worth or importance.

V

U

E

4. It means methods, management, or procedure.

O

I

C

Points for Discussion:

Claim of Fact: This type of claim asserts whether something is true or false, or to what extent it is true. It deals with factual statements that can be proven or disproven based on evidence.

For example:

• The Earth revolves around the sun".
• Climate change is caused by human activity".

Claim of Value: This type of claim expresses a judgment about something, stating whether it is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable. It involves subjective assessments based on personal beliefs, cultural norms, or ethical principles.

For example:

Protecting the environment is morally right".

Artificial intelligence poses a threat to humanity".

Claim of Policy: This type of claim proposes a specific course of action or solution to address a problem or achieve a particular goal. It focuses on what should be done or what actions should be taken.

For example:

Governments should implement stricter regulations to combat air pollution".

Schools should provide free meals for all students to address food insecurity".

3. Lesson Activity

Identify the Claims!

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Instructions: Identify the following claims as to FACT, VALUE, OR POLICY. Write your answers in the blanks provided.

______1. The average global temperature has been rising steadily over the past century due to human-induced climate change.

FACT

______2. Vaccines are effective in preventing the spread of infectious diseases such as measles and polio.

FACT

________3. Democracy is the most preferable form of government because it promotes individual freedoms and equality.

VALUE

_______4. To reduce plastic pollution in oceans, governments should ban single- use plastic products and promote reusable alternatives.

POLICY

______5. Blue light from screens has great effects on the brain and it makes it more difficult to sleep.

FACT

ADVERTISEMENT’S CLAIM!

Discuss how advertisers use different types of claims to persuade consumers.

1. Learners’ Takeaways

You Need to Reflect!

Conclude the activity with a reflection exercise. Ask students to reflect on the importance of evaluating online advertisements they encounter. What factors should they consider before accepting a claim as true?

2. Reflection on Learning

Yes, You Can!

I can ________________________________________________________

I can ________________________________________________________

I can ______________________________________________________

Directions:

Read each question carefully and choose the best answer. Write the letter of your chosen answer on your answer sheet.

1. A claim of value in an expository essay does which of the following?

A. States an objective truth based on research

B. Evaluates something as good or bad, right or wrong

C. Proposes a law or policy to solve a problem

D. Lists numerical data and statistical findings

2. Which statement represents a claim of policy?

A. "Smoking causes lung cancer and other respiratory diseases."

B. "A healthy lifestyle is more valuable than wealth."

C. "The government should ban smoking in public places to protect public health."

D. "Studies show that secondhand smoke is harmful to non-smokers."

3. What is the best way to summarize a passage?

A. Include every detail from the original text

B. Rewrite the entire passage in the same order

C. Condense the main ideas into a shorter version in your own words

D. Remove important points and only include opinions

4. Which of the following statements is an informed opinion?

A. "I feel that online learning is boring."

B. "Research shows that students who engage in active learning perform better in school."

C. "I think students should be allowed to choose their own subjects."

D. "Most people believe that online learning is ineffective."

5. Why is it important to differentiate between facts and opinions in an expository essay?

A. To ensure that arguments are based on reliable evidence

B. To make the essay more entertaining

C. To include as many opinions as possible

D. To add personal emotions to the writing

ANSWER

1. A claim of value in an expository essay does which of the following?

A. States an objective truth based on research

B. Evaluates something as good or bad, right or wrong

C. Proposes a law or policy to solve a problem

D. Lists numerical data and statistical findings

2. Which statement represents a claim of policy?

A. "Smoking causes lung cancer and other respiratory diseases."

B. "A healthy lifestyle is more valuable than wealth."

C. "The government should ban smoking in public places to protect public health."

D. "Studies show that secondhand smoke is harmful to non-smokers."

3. What is the best way to summarize a passage?

A. Include every detail from the original text

B. Rewrite the entire passage in the same order

C. Condense the main ideas into a shorter version in your own words

D. Remove important points and only include opinions

4. Which of the following statements is an informed opinion?

A. "I feel that online learning is boring."

B. "Research shows that students who engage in active learning perform better in school."

C. "I think students should be allowed to choose their own subjects."

D. "Most people believe that online learning is ineffective."

5. Why is it important to differentiate between facts and opinions in an expository essay?

A. To ensure that arguments are based on reliable evidence

B. To make the essay more entertaining

C. To include as many opinions as possible

D. To add personal emotions to the writing

Thank you