POPULATION MORTALITY AND LIFE EXPECTANCY

Ruziboeva Mushtariy

• Of the registered mortality cases for January-March 2024, 57.9% were diseases o f the circulatory system, 9.1% - neoplasms, 7.5% - respiratory diseases, 4.5% - accidents, poisonings and injuries, 4. 1% - diseases o f the digestive system, 1.2% - infectious and parasitic diseases, 15.7% - other diseases.

Life expectancy is the average number of years a person is expected to live based on current mortality patterns. It is usually calculated at birth, but it can also be measured for different ages. The indicator reflects the overall health conditions and quality of life in a country or region. Higher life expectancy generally suggests better healthcare, nutrition, and living standards. It is widely used in demography and economics to compare population well-being across countries and over time. Life expectancy can differ by gender, region, and socio-economic factors. Governments and researchers use this measure to plan social, health, and pension policies.

• The table presents life expectancy at birth for women across the Republic of Uzbekistan and its regions from 2010 to 2024. It shows a general upward trend, indicating that women’s life expectancy has gradually increased over the years in most regions. The data allow comparison between regions, highlighting that Tashkent city and several developed regions tend to have higher life expectancy levels than others. Some years show temporary declines, which may reflect social, economic, or health-related factors affecting mortality. Overall, the national average for Uzbekistan rises from the mid-70s in 2010 to the upper-70s by 2024, demonstrating improvements in healthcare and living standards. The table is useful for analyzing regional disparities and long-term demographic trends in women’s health and longevity.

• The table shows life expectancy at birth for men in the Republic of Uzbekistan and its regions from 2010 to 2024. Overall, the data indicate a gradual increase in male life expectancy across most regions over the period. However, the levels remain consistently lower than those for women, reflecting typical gender differences in longevity. Regional variations are visible, with Tashkent city and some regions demonstrating relatively higher life expectancy, while others lag behind. There are slight fluctuations in certain years, suggesting the influence of economic or health factors. In general, the national average rises from around 70 years in 2010 to nearly 73 years by 2024, showing steady improvement in population health outcomes.

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This chart shows the countries with the highest life expectancy in the world, comparing overall averages as well as male and female figures. Monaco ranks first, with an overall life expectancy of about 86.5 years, indicating exceptionally high longevity. In nearly all listed countries, women live several years longer than men, which reflects global demographic patterns. East Asian economies such as Hong Kong, Japan, and South Korea appear near the top, highlighting strong healthcare systems and high living standards. Several European countries, including Switzerland, Spain, France, and Norway, also show very high life expectancy levels. The differences between male and female life expectancy typically range from 3 to 5 years across these nations. Overall, the chart illustrates how advanced healthcare, nutrition, and socio-economic conditions contribute to longer lives. It also provides a useful comparison of longevity across regions, emphasizing global disparities in health outcomes.

• Uzbekistan has implemented several policies and reforms to increase life expectancy and improve public health in recent years. The government has invested in modernizing healthcare infrastructure, including building new hospitals, upgrading equipment, and expanding digital health services. Nationwide programs focus on preventive care, such as regular medical screenings, vaccination campaigns, and early disease detection. Uzbekistan also promotes maternal and child health initiatives, which reduce mortality and contribute significantly to longer average lifespans. Efforts to improve access to clean water, sanitation, and nutrition have helped raise overall living standards. Public campaigns encourage healthy lifestyles, including physical activity and reduced tobacco use. Additionally, social protection programs and economic development have improved income levels and living conditions, which are key factors in increasing life expectancy.