Biology Jeopardy!�Mutations & Change Unit

Waterford Union High School

Rules

• Each team has 15 seconds to write an answer using the resources provided (e.g., dry-erase board, Google doc, scratch paper, etc.).
• Students can collaborate within their assigned teams but cannot get outside help.
• Teams automatically lose points for a round if they get help from outside their team (e.g., from another team or using notes).
• Each team either gains or loses points on each turn.

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Protein Folding

Mutations�

Selection�

Evolution

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Evidence

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This & �That

Protein Folding

• The function of a protein is primarily determined by...
• The shape of the protein.

Protein Folding

• This kind of amino acid generally moves to the center of the protein to avoid water.
• Hydrophobic

Protein Folding

• These kinds of amino acids repel each other and move further apart.
• Similarly-charged amino acids

Protein Folding

• This is a unique kind of amino acids that forms particularly strong bonds with other amino acids like itself.
• Cysteine

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Protein Folding

• This kind of amino acid will usually be found on the outside of a protein to be closer to water.
• Hydrophilic

Mutations

• This kind of mutation occurs sometime during the life of an organism and only affects some cells. It cannot be passed onto offspring.
• Acquired mutations

Mutations

• This kind of mutation can be passed onto offspring and is present throughout the entire life of an organism.
• Hereditary

Mutations

• This kind of mutation occurs if one base is replaced by another base.
• Substitution

Mutations

• This kind of mutation changes every codon that occurs after the mutation due to the insertion or deletion of a base.
• Frameshift

Mutations

• This kind of mutation involves changes to multiple genes (such as when multiple genes are deleted, duplicated, or moved).
• Chromosomal

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Selection

• Sometimes mutations result in traits that improve an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce. This would be an example of an...
• Adaptation

Selection

• This occurs when organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
• Natural Selection

Selection

• Mutations that do not change the shape/function of a protein are known as...
• Silent Mutations

Selection

• The process in which organisms are selected for genetic traits that benefit human needs is known as…
• Artificial selection

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Selection

• Harmful mutations that disrupt bodily function are known as...
• Genetic Diseases�

Evolution

• Changes to a species over time due pressures from their environment is known as…
• Evolution

Evolution

• Of the four factors needed for evolution to occur, this one results in offspring with unique combinations of genes.�1. Sexual reproduction�2. Hereditary mutations�3. Competition �4. Differences in Repro/Survival

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• Sexual Reproduction

Evolution

• This is one of the four factors needed for evolution that involves the struggle for mates, food, and/or survival�1. Sexual reproduction�2. Hereditary mutations�3. Competition �4. Differences in Repro/Survival
• Competition

Evolution

• This is a requirement for a species to evolve; it involves mutations that can be passed on to offspring…
• Hereditary mutations.

Evolution

• True or false: giraffes had mutations that created long necks because their environment had tall trees.
• False (mutations occur randomly and independently of the environment; natural selection favored the survival & reproduction of giraffes with this trait).

Evidence

• This refers to shared anatomical features across multiple species (e.g., similar bones in the forelimbs of humans, dogs, and birds).
• Homologous Structures

Evidence

• This refers to body parts with a different structure and origin but a similar function (e.g., the dorsal fins of both sharks and dolphins).
• Analogous Structures

Evidence

• This refers to anatomical features that lost their original size and function and are “leftover” from evolutionary ancestors (e.g., hip bones in whales and the appendix in humans).
• Vestigial Structures

Evidence

• This refers to preserved remains of organisms that are found in the earth's crust. They show how species have changed over time.�
• Fossils

Evidence

• True or false: it is not possible to observe evolution as it is occurring.
• False: both anoles and bacteria have demonstrated measurable evolutionary change (among others).

This & That

• Two organisms that share similar traits and can produce fertile offspring are part of the same ____.
• Species.

This & That

• Environmental factors that cause mutations are called ______.�
• Mutagens.

This & That

• When humans change the traits of other species through artificial selection, this is known as...
• Domestication.

This & That

• Sharks and crocodiles have shown very little evolutionary change over tens of millions of years. Why?
• Lack of competition

This & That

• Whether a mutation is helpful, harmful, or neutral depends primarily on...
• Environmental conditions (or the surrounding environment). E.g., a lack of head feathers is beneficial for vultures but harmful for penguins.

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FINAL JEOPARDY

• Make your wagers!
• The green anole’s pace of evolution measurably increased after the introduction of the brown anole. Why?

• The brown anole increased competition for food and survival, increasing the pressure for adaptation based on random mutations.