Migration Blogpost�

Monique Barksdale Deonna Williams

Migration Blogpost

• What is migration?
• a permanent move to a new location
• Emigration: migration from a location
• Immigration: migration to a location
• Ex. A person who moves to the United States is an emigrant from his/her home country and an immigrant to the United States

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Migration Blogpost

• Types of Migration
• Voluntary Migration: permanent movement stimulated by choice

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• Forced Migration: permanent movement compelled by cultural factors (against free will)

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Migration Blogpost

• Types of Migration
• International Migration: permanent movement from one country to another
• Internal Migration: permanent movement within a country
• Interregional: movement from region of a country to another ex.) Moving from the South to New York City
• Intraregional: movement within one region

ex.) Moving from San Francisco to Los Angeles

Migration Blogpost

• Patterns of Migration
• Chain Migration: migrants move where other migrants similar to them have moved before
• Core-Periphery: migrants move from periphery countries to core countries
• Distance Decay Migration: the idea that the further the away something is, the less interaction it has with the place/ person in question

Migration Blogpost

• Why Do People Migrate?
• Push factors: reasons why people move away from their present locations
• Ex. Not enough job opportunities, declining economy
• Pull factors: reasons that attract people to a new location
• Ex. Religious freedom

Migration Blogpost

• Cultural Push and Pull Factors
• Push: political instability, wars
• Refugee: a person that has been forced to move from their home and cannot return for fear of persecution (forced migration)
• Pull: democratic government, countries that influence individual choices

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Migration Blogpost

• Economic Push and Pull Factors
• Push: not enough job opportunities, declining economy
• People leave the area in search of available jobs
• Pull: abundant natural resources in an area (job opportunities)
• Miners, engineers, factory workers attracted to the area

Migration Blogpost

• Environmental Push and Pull Factors
• Push: unstable weather, extreme physical conditions
• Pull: physical attractiveness, fair weather, easy access to leisure activities

Migration Blogpost

• Intervening obstacles?
• An environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration
• Government policies, language, social customs
• Intervening opportunities?
• the presence of a closer opportunity that shadows the attractiveness of a more distant opportunity

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Migration Blogpost

• Ravenstein’s Theories
• 1.) Most long distance migrants are male
• Males more likely to travel longer distances in search of work
• Changing role of women in society has increased female migration
• 2.) Most long distance migrants are adult individuals rather than families with children
• Young adults out seeking work rather than children and elderly people

Migration Blogpost

• Ravenstein’s Theories
• 1.) Most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country
• Familiar food, language, social customs
• 2.) Long-distance migrants head for major centers of economic activity
• Job availability, money

Migration Blogpost

• Migration Transition:
• changes in the migration pattern of a society that are comparable to those in the demographic transition model (Zelinsky)
• Stage 1: high birth/death rates; no migration
• Stage 2: natural increase rate rises; international/interregional migration to cities
• Stage 3 &4: death rate declines; people attracted from stage 2 countries, intraregional migration to suburbs

Migration Blogpost

• Global Migration Patterns
• Net out-migration: Africa, Asia, Latin America
• Net-in migration: North America, Europe, Oceania

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• Three Largest Flows:
• Asia to Europe
• Asia to North America
• Latin America to North America

Net Migration Rates

Migration Blogpost

• U.S. Immigration
• Quotas: laws that place maximum limits on the number of people that can migrate to a country each year
• Preferences: 480,000 family-sponsored immigrants and 140,000 employment-related immigrants
• Brain drain: large scale emigration by talented people
• Many U.S. immigrants are young and educated– lured by economic growth

Migration Blogpost

• U.S. Immigration
• Patterns:
• 1.) colonial migration from England and Africa
• 2.) European migration in 19^th century
• 3.)recent immigration from less developed countries
• Undocumented Immigrants: unauthorized immigrants
• 1.3 million undocumented immigrants since 1980s; 90% are Mexican

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