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Arduino Part 1

Topics:

Microcontrollers

Programming Basics: structure and variables

Digital Output

Analog to Digital Conversion

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What is a Microcontroller

  • A small computer on a single chip
    • containing a processor, memory, and input/output
  • Typically "embedded" inside some device that they control
  • A microcontroller is often small and low cost
  • Examples

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www.mikroe.com/chapters/view/1

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What is a Development Board

  • A printed circuit board designed to facilitate work with a particular microcontroller.
  • Typical components include:
    • power circuit
    • programming interface
    • basic input; usually buttons and LEDs
    • I/O pins

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The Arduino Development Board

Making-robots-with-arduino.pdf

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The Arduino Microcontroller: Atmel ARV Atmega 328

Making-robots-with-arduino.pdf

Specification

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What is the Arduino

todbot.com/blog/bionicarduino

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Getting Started

  • Check out: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage
    1. Download & install the Arduino environment (IDE)
    2. Connect the board to your computer via the UBS cable
    3. If needed, install the drivers (not needed in lab)
    4. Launch the Arduino IDE
    5. Select your board
    6. Select your serial port
    7. Open the blink example
    8. Upload the program

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Try It: Connect the USB Cable

todbot.com/blog/bionicarduino

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Arduino IDE

See: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment for more information

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Select Serial Port and Board

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Status Messages

todbot.com/blog/bionicarduino

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todbot.com/blog/bionicarduino

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Add an External LED to pin 13

  • File > Examples > Digital > Blink
  • LED’s have polarity
    • Negative indicated by flat side of the housing and a short leg

www.instructables.com

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A Little Bit About Programming

  • Code is case sensitive
  • Statements are commands and must end with a semi-colon
  • Comments follow a // or begin with /* and end with */
  • loop and setup

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Our First Program

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Terminology

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Digital I/0

pinMode(pin, mode)

Sets pin to either INPUT or OUTPUT

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digitalRead(pin)

Reads HIGH or LOW from a pin

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digitalWrite(pin, value)

Writes HIGH or LOW to a pin

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Electronic stuff

Output pins can provide 40 mA of current

Writing HIGH to an input pin installs a 20KΩ pullup

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www.mikroe.com/chapters/view/1

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Arduino Timing

  • delay(ms)
    • Pauses for a few milliseconds
  • delayMicroseconds(us)
    • Pauses for a few microseconds
  • More commands: arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage

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Digital? Analog?

  • Digital has two values: on and off
  • Analog has many (infinite) values
  • Computers don’t really do analog, they quantize
  • Remember the 6 analog input pins---here’s how they work

todbot.com/blog/bionicarduino

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Bits and Bytes

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Variables

www3.ntu.edu.sg

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Putting It Together

  • Complete the sketch (program) below.
  • What output will be generated by this program?
  • What if the schematic were changed? 🡺

www.ladyada.net/learn/arduino

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Good References

www.arduino.cc

www.ladyada.net/learn/arduino

www.EarthshineElectronics.com

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