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Reading Files

Python Programming

April 1, 2022

Source: <Python - Reading Files>

Updated - New Link

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Licensing & Attribution

My Open Source Philosophy - I have come to realize that I’m really not competing with other teachers. Maybe I have some local competition, �but in reality, if a student is not coming to my class or my school, then I’m not competing with other teachers in any way… If you work more than a �District away, then we really are not competitors. Let's Share... Collaborate... Help each other... I, and you, may have sweat blood and tears developing a lesson plan, a lab, or presentation… There is an ENORMOUS unpaid value there… I get that… I don’t begrudge teachers who are trying to sell their collateral… I’m just saying that is not what I’m going to do. This is my plan… I’m going to share virtually everything I develop. Join Me!!! See More

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode

GNU Public License & EUPL (European Union Public Licence)

Any included or linked Programming Code Is licensed under GNU General Public License v3.0 & and / or licensed under EUPL 1.2 or later

See the Appendix for Additional Licensing & Attribution Information

2

Please maintain this slide with any modifications you make:

This content is licensed as Open Source / Creative Commons: A Specific use license has been provided to the Silicon Valley education Foundation & Silicon Valley CTE

Much of the content in these slides is a Re-Telling of material provided by Dr. Chuck Severance - From PY4E, or adapted from the book Automate the Boring Stuff with Python. Both are Awesome open source sites for teaching Python. I have modified them some, to work better for my Mechatronics Engineering class.

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Objective, Overview, & Introduction

Variables are a fine way to store data while your program is running, but if you want your data to persist even after your program has finished, you need to save it to a file

Think of a file’s contents as a single string value, potentially gigabytes in size
You will learn how to use Python �to create, read, and save files on �the hard drive

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When You See:👉 Try This:

Browser: You can use a web based Browser IDE like Replit.com, or PythonTutor
Installed Python IDLE: If you installed Python open an IDLE window
Please take the time to build the example in TinkerCAD or on a real Breadboard.

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print("Hisssssssssss")

Try This 👉

Try This

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Sponsorship Page

I would like to thank <Your Company or Organization Here> for their generous support of my classroom and curriculum development. <Your Company or Organization Here> has <Your value proposition, call to action, & related content and message>

How to Provide a Stipend: You can send something to my personal PayPal.Me Account, Venmo Account, or my Patrion Account, even Buy Stuff On My Amazon Classroom Wishlist, donate to my DonorsChoose projects, or contact me at TopClown@STEAMClown.org, if you want to contribute another way.

(If you would like to sponsor this presentation, please contact TopClown@STEAMClown.org )

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What You Will Know...

Prior Knowledge & Certifications

Python String, Lists, Functions

What You Will Know & Be Able To Do

Create, Open, and use the data in a file
Write files, to be able to save the data

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How You Will Be Measured

You will show the ability to explain the key lesson concepts
Answer a few Quiz questions
Demonstrate your understanding of the coding concepts through programming labs

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Essential Questions

What is the value of saving data?
Why use a file structure rather than just variables

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Resources & Materials Needed

PC, Laptop or Other device to access sites & applications specified by your Instructor
Each lesson will have specific items needed to complete the labs and tasks
Automate the Boring Stuff with Python - Chapter 9 (Reading & Writing)
Py4E - Files

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New Words or Concepts...

File Handle
Read
Write

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Prerequisite or Pre-Quiz...

This is not a graded Quiz… It’s to help me and you understand what you already know, and where you may need to focus...

Link to prerequisite work, videos or links
Link to Pre-Quiz

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Mess With Data - Where Is It?

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Software

Ram �Main Memory

Central Processing Unit

Secondary Memory

Input / Output

I'm Talking Here

if x<3:

print('less')

What's Next?

Files R Us

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What Is A File?

A text file can be thought of as a sequence of lines

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2021-04-23,09:26:05pm,robot2,led-2,on

2021-04-23,09:34:55pm,robot2,servo,wave

2021-04-23,10:38:10pm,robot2,rgb-led,green

2021-04-23,10:39:05pm,robot2,led-2,off

2021-04-23,11:41:55pm,robot2,servo,wave

2021-04-23,11:42:02pm,robot2,led-1,on

2021-04-24,01:11:02am,robot2,led-1,off

2021-04-24,01:41:55am,robot2,servo,90

This one has lines that are a list of comma delimited strings

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jimTheSTEAMClown/Python-Code/master/robot1Command.txt

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What Is A File?

A text file can be thought of as a sequence of lines

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From stephen.marquard@uct.ac.za Sat Jan 5 09:14:16 2008

Return-Path: <postmaster@collab.sakaiproject.org>

Date: Sat, 5 Jan 2008 09:12:18 -0500

To: source@collab.sakaiproject.org

From: stephen.marquard@uct.ac.za

Subject: [sakai] svn commit: r39772 - content/branches/

Details: http://source.sakaiproject.org/viewsvn/?view=rev&rev=39772

This one looks like an email message

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jimTheSTEAMClown/Python-Code/master/mbox-short-short.txt

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What Is A File?

A text file can be thought of as a sequence of lines

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This is your last chance.

After this, there is no turning back.

You take the blue pill - the story ends,

you wake up in your bed and believe

whatever you want to believe.

You take the red pill - you stay in

Wonderland and I show you how deep

the rabbit-hole goes.

Take the Red Pill

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jimTheSTEAMClown/Python-Code/master/matrix.txt

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Opening a File

Before we can read the contents of the file, we must tell Python which file we are going to work with and what we will be doing with the file
This is done with the open() function
open() returns a “file handle” - a variable used to perform operations on the file
Similar to “File -> Open” in a Word Processor

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Copy or make a text file

If you want to download a file using the raspberry Pi command terminal you can use this command

wget http://path_to_file�wget -O new_file_name http://path_to_file ← Over Writes

You should cd to the directory where you want this file to get copied to. The wget will copy the file to the current working directory.

sudo wget -O robotCommand.txt https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jimTheSTEAMClown/Python-Code/master/robot1Command.txt
sudo wget -O matrix.txt https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jimTheSTEAMClown/Python-Code/master/matrix.txt�sudo wget -O mbox-short.txt https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jimTheSTEAMClown/Python-Code/master/mbox-short-short.txt

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Using open()

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The function open() returns a handle use to manipulate the file

filename is a string

mode is optional and should be 'r' if we are planning to read the file and 'w' if we are going to write to the file

handle = open(filename, mode)

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Using open()

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handle = open(filename, mode)

fhand = open('matrix.txt', 'r')

returns the file handle pointer to the file

name of file

mode to open as read only

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Using open() To Get The File Handle

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fhand = open('matrix.txt', 'r')

print(fhand)

<_io.TextIOWrapper name='matrix.txt' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>

matrix.txt

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When Files are Missing

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fhand = open('stuff.txt', 'r')

print(fhand)

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'stuff.txt'

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The newline Character

We use a special character called the “newline” to indicate when a line ends
We represent it as \n in strings
Newline is still one character - not two

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stuff = 'Hello\nWorld!'

print(stuff)

stuff = 'X\nY'

print(stuff)

len(stuff)

Hello

World!

X

Y

3

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File Processing

A text file can be thought of as a sequence of lines

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This is your last chance.

After this, there is no turning back.

You take the blue pill - the story ends,

you wake up in your bed and believe

whatever you want to believe.

You take the red pill - you stay in

Wonderland and I show you how deep

the rabbit-hole goes.

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File Processing

A text file can be thought of as a sequence of lines�A text file has newlines at the end of each line

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This is your last chance.\n

After this, there is no turning back.\n

\n

You take the blue pill - the story ends,\n

you wake up in your bed and believe\n

whatever you want to believe.\n

You take the red pill - you stay in\n

Wonderland and I show you how deep\n

the rabbit-hole goes.\n

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Reading Files in Python

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File Handle as a Sequence

A file handle open for read can be treated as a sequence of strings where each line in the file is a string in the sequence�
We can use the for statement to iterate through a sequence�
Remember - a sequence is an ordered set

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xfile = open('matrix.txt')

for cheese in xfile:

print(cheese)

This is your last chance.

After this, there is no turning back.

You take the blue pill - the story ends,

you wake up in your bed and believe

whatever you want to believe.

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A Tale Of Two \n

Remember that the file has \n characters at the end of every line...

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xfile = open('matrix.txt')

for cheese in xfile:

print(cheese)

This is your last chance.\n

After this, there is no turning back.\n

\n

You take the blue pill - the story ends,\n

you wake up in your bed and believe\n

whatever you want to believe.\n

You take the red pill - you stay in\n

Wonderland and I show you how deep\n

the rabbit-hole goes.\n

This is your last chance.

After this, there is no turning back.

You take the blue pill - the story ends,

you wake up in your bed and believe

whatever you want to believe.

This is your last chance.\n

\n

After this, there is no turning back.\n

\n

You take the blue pill - the story ends,\n

\n

you wake up in your bed and believe\n

\n

whatever you want to believe.\n

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Opening a file with a File Handle

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Replit - File Handle - Lab 1

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Opening a file with a File Handle

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Replit - File Handle - Lab 2

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Counting Lines in a File

Open a file read-only
Use a for loop to read each line
Count the lines and print out the number of lines

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fhand = open('matrix.txt')

# Need a variable to count the lines

for line in fhand:

# Need to increment the line count Variable

print(line)

print('Line Count:', count)

fhand = open('mbox-short.txt')

# Need a variable to count the lines

for line in fhand:

# Need to increment the line count Variable

print(line)

print('Line Count:', count)

Line Count: 10

Line Count: 191

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Opening a file and Reading Line by Line

& Counting lines

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Replit - Reading Lines - Lab 3

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Striping Characters from a line in a File

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xfile = open('mbox-short.txt')

for line in xfile:

print(line)

From: stephen.marquard@uct.ac.za

From: louis@media.berkeley.edu

From: zqian@umich.edu

...

What are all these blank lines doing here?

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Striping Characters from a line in a File

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xfile = open('mbox-short.txt')

for line in xfile:

if line.startswith('From:'):

print(line)

From: stephen.marquard@uct.ac.za\n

\n

From: louis@media.berkeley.edu\n

\n

From: zqian@umich.edu\n

...

Remember the \n

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Lots of String Methods

capitalize() - Converts the first character to upper case
count() - Returns the number of times a specified value occurs in a string
endswith() - Returns true if the string ends with the specified value
find() - Searches the string for a specified value and returns the position of where it was found
index() - Searches the string for a specified value and returns the position of where it was found
lower() - Converts a string into lower case
lstrip() - Returns a left trim version of the string
replace() - Returns a string where a specified value is replaced with a specified value
rindex() - Searches the string for a specified value & returns the last position where it was found
rstrip() - Returns a right trim version of the string
split() - Splits the string at the specified separator, and returns a list
startswith() - Returns true if the string starts with the specified value

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https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ref_string.asp

Let's Try This One

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.rstrip()

We can strip the whitespace from the right-hand side of the string using rstrip() from the string library�
The newline is considered “white space” and is stripped

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xfile = open('mbox-short-short.txt')

for line in xfile:

line = line.rstrip()

print(line)

From: stephen.marquard@uct.ac.za\n

From: louis@media.berkeley.edu\n

From: zqian@umich.edu\n

...

The \n is from the print()

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Opening a file and Reading Line by Line

& Counting lines

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Replit - Reading Lines & Striping '/n' - Lab 4

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Opening and reading the "Whole" file

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Reading the *Whole* File

We can read the whole file (newlines and all) into a single string

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xfile = open('matrix.txt')

whale = xfile.read()

print(len(whale))

print(whale[80:89])

273

blue pill

whale is a big string that can be indexed

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jimTheSTEAMClown/WorkShop-Lab-Files/main/matrix.txt

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Opening and reading the "Whole" file

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Replit - Reading The

Whole File - Lab 5

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Searching Through a File

We can put an if statement in our for loop to only print lines that meet some criteria

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xfile = open('mbox-short.txt')

for line in xfile:

if line.startswith('From:'):

print(line)

From: stephen.marquard@uct.ac.za

From: louis@media.berkeley.edu

From: zqian@umich.edu

...

What are all these blank lines doing here?

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Searching Through a File

We can put an if statement in our for loop to only print lines that meet some criteria

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xfile = open('mbox-short.txt')

for line in xfile:

if line.startswith('From:'):

print(line)

From: stephen.marquard@uct.ac.za\n

\n

From: louis@media.berkeley.edu\n

\n

From: zqian@umich.edu\n

...

Remember the \n

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Opening, reading, and finding stuff in a file

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Replit - Reading & Finding - Lab 6

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Opening, reading, and making a list of emails

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Replit - Reading & Finding - Lab 7

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Opening and Reading "Robot" Commands

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Replit - Reading & Finding "Robot" Commands - Lab 8

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Summary

Secondary storage
Opening a file - file handle
File structure - newline character
Reading a file line by line with a for loop
Searching for lines
Reading file names
Dealing with bad files

Dig Deeper:

Automate the Boring Stuff with Python - Chapter 9 (Reading & Writing)
Py4E - Files

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Thank You…

Questions?

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Jim Burnham (AKA STEAM Clown)

Mechatronics Engineering Instructor at Silicon Valley Career Technical Education (SVCTE)
Engineering Teacher, Curriculum Developer, Workshop & Conference Presenter
LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/jim-burnham-2243018/
Top Clown at TopClown@STEAMClown.org
Mechatronics Engineering Instructor (AKA Fire Breathing Robots)
Want to Support a Teacher? - Here Is How Can You Help

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Reference Slides

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STEAM Clown ™ Productions

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Links for Students

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Teachers: Before You Present

Update the Canvas Links, or Delete the bullets linking to Canvas links (Typically Labs)

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Key: 📰 Slides / Audio 🎧 / 📽️▶️ Video/YouTube / 🎧▶️📽️ Audio/Video / ✨ Resources / 🖼️ Tutorial / 📖 Reading Activity / 📝 Writing Activity / 📖 📝 Reading/Writing / 📟 Coding / 🛠️ LAB Activity / 🚀 Quiz / 🔎 Review / ✔️ Mastery Check / ✍️ Sign Up /🍕 Extra Credit / 🕸️ Web Links / 👩🏽‍🎓🧑🏽‍🎓🧑🏿‍🎓👩‍🏫 Class / 🏵️📜📃 Certificate

/🧟 Review / 🦾 Practice / 🆙Level Up / 🎚️🦑📤🎯 🚧 - 🦑 Special Project -

Assignment Type: ⚓ Establishing (Minimum Standard) / ⛏️ Developing (Digging Deeper) / 💎 Aspiring (Putting It Together)

This is an ⚓ Establishing Assignment (Minimum Standard) - "Everyone Do" Assignment

This is an ⛏️ Developing (Digging Deeper) - "Everyone Should Do, To Stretch" Assignment

This is an 💎 Aspiring (Putting It Together) - "When you have done the ⚓ Establishing and⛏️ Developing" Assignment

🚀 Formative Quiz - 🔎 Review
🚀 Quiz -🔀 Mastery Path
🚀 Summative Quiz -✔️ Skills Mastery Check
🚀 Formative Quiz -
8.1.0.3.2.4 - Python - Ch 3 - Functions - Quiz #2 -Built-In Functions - 🚀 Formative Quiz
🚀 Quiz -🔀 Mastery Path -
8.1.0.3.3.1 - Python - Ch 3 - Functions - Mastery Quiz #1 - 🚀 Quiz -🔀 Mastery Path
🚀 Summative Quiz -✔️ Skills Mastery Check -
8.1.0.3.3.1 - Python - Ch 3 - Functions - Skills Mastery Check Quiz #1 - 🚀 Summative Quiz -✔️ Skills Mastery Check

50

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Education Standards

California's 2013 CTE Standards
Next Generation Science Standards
California Math Common Core Standards
California English Common Core Standards
California History-Social Science Standards
California English Language Development Standards
Next Generation Science Standards (1)
California's 2013 CTE Standards (2)
Related Instructional Objectives (SWBAT...)

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Appendix

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Appendix : Primary Sources & Attribution for Material Used

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Please maintain this slide with any modifications you make

<Add Your Logo and Attribution here>

Much of this interpretation is primarily the Intellectual Property of Jim Burnham, Top STEAM Clown, at STEAMClown.org
My best attempt to properly attribute, or reference any other sources or work I have used are listed below. This presentation and content is distributed under the Creative Commons License and the The programming code found in this presentation or linked to on my Github site is distributed under the GPL and EUPL:

Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0
GNU General Public License v3.0
European Union Public Licence EUPL 1.2 or later

<Add additional attribution here>>

Much of the content in these slides is a Re-Telling of material provided by Dr. Chuck Severance - From PY4E, or adapted from the book Automate the Boring Stuff with Python. Both are Awesome open source sites for teaching Python. I have modified them some, to work better for my Mechatronics Engineering class.

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Appendix : Primary Sources & Attribution for Material Used

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Please maintain this slide with any modifications you make

<Add Your Logo and Attribution here>

Much of this interpretation is primarily the Intellectual Property of Jim Burnham, Top STEAM Clown, at STEAMClown.org
My best attempt to properly attribute, or reference any other sources or work I have used are listed below. This presentation and content is distributed under the Creative Commons License and the The programming code found in this presentation or linked to on my Github site is distributed under the GPL and EUPL:

Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0
GNU General Public License v3.0
European Union Public Licence EUPL 1.2 or later

https://www.programmingelectronics.com/tutorial-13-how-to-use-arrays-with-arduino/

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Image Reference & Sources

https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Yoda

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Please maintain this slide with any modifications you make

Much of this interpretation is primarily the Intellectual Property of Jim Burnham, Top STEAM Clown, at STEAMClown.org
My best attempt to properly attribute, or reference any other sources or work I have used are listed below. This presentation and content is distributed under the Creative Commons License and the The programming code found in this presentation or linked to on my Github site is distributed under the GPL and EUPL:

Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0
GNU General Public License v3.0
European Union Public Licence EUPL 1.2 or later

STEAM Clown™ - License & Attribution Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 - Much of this interpretation is primarily the Intellectual Property of Jim Burnham, TopClown, at STEAMClown.org, I may have used other sources, and in that Re-Telling, I have made my best attempt to properly attribute, or reference any of these sources or works. They are probably listed below. I’m a Super Huge proponent of Open Source - Find out more...

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What To Fix, Add, Or Change

Presentation Planning:

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