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Topic 1

Systems in Organizations

IB Computer Science

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How to Prevent Data Loss

  • Failover Systems
  • Redundancy
  • Removable Media
  • Offsite/online storage
  • Physical security

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Causes of Data Loss

  • Hardware/System Malfunction
  • Human Error
  • Software Corruption
  • Malicious Software
  • Natural Disasters - power cuts - equipment damage

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Social and Ethical Issues + Software Design

  • Reliability - odes the program function as intended
  • Jobs - will a software solution eliminate human jobs?
  • Security - is the data in the program secure?
  • Privacy - responsibility to not share user data without permission

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Stakeholders

  • A person with an interest or concern in something, especially a business (Oxford)
  • Examples
    • Owner
    • User
    • Manager
    • Shareholder
    • Employee

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Getting Requirements from Stakeholders

  • requirements - the tasks a program should be able to achieve
  • Methods for getting requirements
    • Direct observation
      • Observe the system in use in the real-world
      • Users may act differently under observation
    • Interviews
      • Ask users directly for feedback (can be very insightful)
      • Costly in times and resources
    • Surveys
      • Send users to questionnaires
      • Cheap and time-efficient
      • Hard to think of good question
      • Users may not take it seriously

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Prototypes

  • A plan or abstract representation of the end-product
  • Usually not fully finished
  • Displays functionality of one or two key aspects
  • Used to get feedback from stakeholders

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Iteration

  • Cyclical process that ends in a finished product
  • Process of prototyping, testing, analyzing test results, and refining product until requirements met
  • Allows constant improvement based on user or client feedback

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Software Deployment

  • Release - process of launching a new product
  • Update - software file that fixes a problem found after release
    • Bug
    • Security Vulnerability
  • Patch - Temporary fix between full releases
    • Bug
    • Security
    • Upgrade capability
    • Upgrade Driver

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Usability

  • How effectively and efficiently a product can be used
  • Examples of Usability Problems
    • Laptop - battery life too short
    • Phone - screen size too small, not waterproof
    • Digital camera - buttons too small, software buggy

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Accessibility

  • How easily can people, especially those with uncommon challenges use software?
  • Ways to Improve Accessibility
    • Braille Keyboard
    • Touch Screen
    • Voice Recognition
    • Text Dictation