Reading: Soil
03.
Summary and Comprehension!
Another word for soil is dirt.
It (soil) is a natural resource – made by nature, not people.
Soil helps plants and animals.
Soil is made up of different kinds of materials – bits of rock, humus, air, and water.
The rock can be broken into tiny bits called particles.
Water, ice, and wind are strong enough to break rocks.
1. Water seeps into cracks of rock
2. Water becomes ice inside the rock.
3. Water cycles through rock and causes it to break.
Humus is made of bits of dead plants and animals.
Minerals are an important part of soil because they add nutrients to soil.
Soil has different textures.
The texture of the soil depends on the size of the soil’s particles.
It can take hundreds of years for one (1) inch of soil to form.
Soil cannot form on steep mountains, windy places, or places where water flows quickly.
Plants, animals, and people need healthy soil.
Week 6�Vocabulary
couch (n.)
a sofa
—Jemand Berühmt
My mom does not let me eat on the couch.
crowd (n.)
a large group of people
There was a crowd of people watching the game.
toy (n.)
an object you play with
My brother does not like to share his toys with me.
noisemaker (n.)
an object that makes noise
He used a noisemaker to get everyone's attention.
playground (n.)
a place where kids can play
All the kids like to play at the playground.
spoil (v.)
to go bad
We need to throw away the spoiled food.
enjoy (v.)
to have fun or be happy
I enjoy playing with my friends.
choice (n.)
to have chosen something
She asked me to make a choice between the apple and the donut.
proud (adj.)
the feeling of being happy for someone
Dad was very proud of my high score for the test.
cheer (v.)
to shout in encouragement
We all cheer for her to win.
dirt (n.)
soil
My sandwich fell in the dirt.
rock (n.)
a hard rough stone
There were many rocks near the wall.
dig (v.)
to move soil from the ground; to make a hole
We must dig a hole to plant the seed.
diagram (n.)
a drawing that explains something
My teacher drew a diagram of a plant.
volcano (n.)
a mountain with lava that can come out
Lava comes out of a volcano.
volcanic (adj.)
when something can erupt
The old mountain is volcanic.
nutrients (n.)
a substance that gives nourishment for life and growth
I get many nutrients from fruit and vegetables.
mud (n.)
water and soil mixed together
Do not play in the mud because you will fall.
seep (v.)
for liquid to go down into the ground
I saw water seep out on the wall.
texture (adj.)
the feeling of something
There are many different textures around us.
grains (n.)
a single fruit or seed
The bottle with grains fell and made a big mess.
particles (n.)
a minute (tiny) portion of matter
The table is made of particles.
materials (n.)
what things are made from
What materials did you use to build the house?
substances (n.)
a kind of matter with uniform properties
Water and air are important substances.
Week 7�Vocabulary
Soil Vocabulary Week 7
soil (n.)
the ground where you plant flowers and seeds
We planted the seeds in moist soil.
ingredients (n.)
the things you put together to make something new, usually in cooking
I went to the store to buy ingredients to bake a cake.
beneath (prep.)
under; underneath
The cat hid beneath the couch.
surround (v.)
the thing that goes around something else
The house was surrounded by water.
roots (n.)
part of the plant that goes into the soil/under the plant
The tree had very strong roots.
scoop (n.)
to take a spoon of something
Can I please have a scoop of ice cream?
contain (v.)
to have in it
This basket contains toys and the other one is empty.
natural (adj.)
not man made
The island was surrounded by natural trees.
resource (n.)
a supply of something like money or materials
Some natural resources are water, air, and soil.
grow (v.)
to get bigger and older
I learned how to grow my own vegetables in science class.
without (prep.)
not have
For many years, he was without a beard.
broke (v.)
past tense of break
My sister broke her ankle and could not walk for a month.
bedrock (n.)
solid rock underlying loose soil
The house was built on solid bedrock to keep it stable.
layer (n.)
sheet, quantity, or thickness of material, covering a surface or body
The earth has many layers.
solid (adj.)
firm and stable in shape; not liquid
One of the stages of matter is solid.
rush (v.)
to hurry
He was in a rush to get to school because he was late.
river (n.)
a wide line of water
The children went swimming in the river.
tiny (n.)
very small
The tiny fish swam away from the big fish.
loose (adj.)
not tight
He was wearing a loose T-shirt to school.
crack (n.)
to have something broken in a line
The earthquake caused a crack in the wall.
glacier (n.)
a large surface of ice you can walk or climb on
The glacier is made of thick ice and snow.
minerals (n.)
a solid, natural substance
Rocks are made up of different types of minerals.
healthy (adj.)
to be in good health
Eat your fruits and vegetables so you can be strong and healthy.
bacteria (n.)
tiny organisms that you need a microscope to see
Bacteria is very tiny and can only be seen with a microscope.