Embedded Part 2

2025

Overview

Part 1 - Recap

• Microcontrollers
• Hardware Basics & Wiring
• Sensors

Part 2 - More Sensors & Actuators

• Buzzer
• Ultrasonic Sensor

Part 3 - Wireless Connectivity

• Wifi & BLE basics

Part 4 - Challenge Yourself

Recap - What is a Microcontroller?

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• Basically a tiny computer on a single circuit

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• ESP32, STM32, Atmega328P

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• GPIO pins interact with other hardware

Recap - The ESP32

We must know pin numbers to access them in code.

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Search up “pinout diagram” for

whichever microcontroller you use.

Recap - GPIO pins

Recap - Resistors

Control voltage levels and prevent components from burning out

Recap - Breadboard

source: https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/breadboard/

Recap - Wiring

use a resistor between 200 - 5000 Ohms

Recap - PWM

Recap - Push Button

Recap - Potentiometer

Recap- Potentiometer

Recap

Buzzer

positive terminal

Buzzer

WiFi - Setup

Wifi Modes

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Wifi.mode(WIFI_STA): ESP32 connects to an access point

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Wifi.mode(WIFI_AP): Other devices can connect to the ESP32

WiFi - Setup

WiFi - Station Mode

WiFi - Access Point Mode

https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-useful-wi-fi-functions-arduino/

WiFi - Scanning Networks

number of networks found

WiFi - Scanning Networks

SSID: Name of the WiFi network

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RSSI: Strength of the WiFi signal (negative number)

WiFi - Scanning Networks

SSID: Name of the WiFi network

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RSSI: Strength of the WiFi signal (negative number)

d = 10^((TxPower - RSSI) / (10 * N))

WiFi - Connect to a Network

Web Servers!

Ultrasonic Sensor

speed of sound in air at 20ºC = 343m/s

distance = (speed of sound * time) / 2

Ultrasonic Sensor

Ultrasonic Sensor

Ultrasonic Sensor

Ultrasonic Sensor

Build your own clanker

https://github.com/ProgSoc/embedded2025/wiki

Thank You