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The Periodic Table of Elements

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Elements

  • any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances; made of only one type of atom

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  • elements , alone or in combinations, make up our bodies, our world, in fact they make up the entire universe

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What is a Physical Property?

  • Physical Properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter
    • examples
      • states of matter
        • solid
        • liquid
        • gas
      • appearance
      • texture
      • color
      • odor
      • melting and boiling point
      • density

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Physical Change

  • A physical change is a type of change in which the form of matter is altered but one substance is not transformed into another
    • examples
      • chopping wood
      • tearing paper
      • ice cube melting

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What is a Chemical Property?

Chemical Property

  • relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
    • example
      • rusting
      • flammability

Chemical Change

  • a change in matter that produces one or more new substances
    • cooking an egg
    • an iron pan rusting
    • burning wood

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Periodic Table

  • much can be learned about an element by its position on the periodic table
  • understanding how the table is organized will help you obtain basic information about each of the 118 known elements

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Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids

The Periodic Table is divided into metals, non-metals and metalloids.

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Metals

  • Metals are the majority of the elements

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Physical Properties of Metals

  • most metals are solid at room temperature
  • metals have luster
    • they are shiny

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Physical Properties of Metals

  • Properties are Malleable
    • can be bent, rolled, or hammered into sheets

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Physical Properties of Metals

  • have a high melting point
  • are very dense

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Physical Properties of Metals

  • Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat

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Chemical Property of Metals

  • reacts with water and oxygen, this results in corrosion and rust

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Non Metals

  • Located on the right side of the periodic table

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Properties of Non-Metals

  • Brittle
    • breaks easily
  • NOT malleable

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Properties of Nonmetals

  • have low density
  • not a good conductor of heat and electricity

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Metalloids

  • Located between metals and non-metals

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Properties of Metalloids

  • Properties of both metals and nonmetals

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Properties of Metalloids

  • can be shiny or dull
  • they are malleable

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Properties of Metalloids

  • They can conduct electricity and heat better than nonmetals, but not as well as metals

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Elements Song

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Only a Small Number of Elements Make Up Solid Earth and Living Earth

Solid Earth

  • Oxygen
  • Silicon
  • Aluminum
  • Iron

Living Earth

  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Phosphorus
  • Sulfur

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Atmosphere

  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen

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Oceans

  • Oxygen
  • Hydrogen
  • Sodium
  • Chlorine

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