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RTI to Power �Journalistic Investigations

Vishnu Rajgadia, India

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Drive Against Bribe

  • RTI Act implemented in 2005 in India.
  • At Prabhat Khabar, a Hindi Daily, we became part of a National Campaign ‘Drive against Bribe.’
  • We trained 30 young trainee journalists to prepare RTI requests of the common citizens coming to our 15 days long camp for their personal grievances.
  • It was excellent experience as their problems were solved and became news stories. Like

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Citizens’ Grievances becomes News

  • Street cleaned due to RTI
  • Ration card of daily labourer renewed
  • Passport of a senior citizen issued
  • Wrong electricity bill corrected
  • Payment of a supplier done
  • Received the Income Tax refund
  • Got salary as per the new pay scale

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News Stories due to RTI

  • Our trainee journalists also filed lot of RTI requests to expose -
    • Corruptions in public authorities
    • Incomplete or sub standard construction works,
    • Poor status of public services
    • Like health, education, drinking water, public transport, security
    • We were able to prepare lot of news stories based upon these RTI requests.

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Shedding Light on Wrongdoing

Some of the impactful stories uncovered through RTI

  • Fraud in appointments in Assembly
  • Irregularities in promotions in Assembly
  • Illegal transfer of land of a Hindu Religious Trust
  • Payment done for never built Bridge
  • Land grabbing of tribal's by powerful mafia
  • Scam in Industrial loan from public sector bank
  • Misuse of Ambulance and government vehicles

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Reporters Collective : Voter List Story

ECI’s 'Purified' Bihar Voter List : 67,826 cases of dubious double voters in merely 15 constituencies, registered with identical credentials

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India Spend : Deaths of Labours

3 Workers Die Every Day In Indian Factories

1,109 deaths, 4,000 injuries in registered factories, on average, each year between 2017 and 2020.

The largely informal economy and underreporting of incidents even in the formal economy mean these figures are underestimates, say experts.

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Citizen Investigative Journalism

  • GIJN had organised a workshop on 'RTI & Investigative Journalism' in April 2024 for young journalists from marginalised communities.
  • Team of an independent news outlet ‘The Mooknayak’ was also empowered with RTI through this workshop.
  • The Mooknayak has started a Citizen Investigative Journalism initiative comprising some freelancers, RTI Activists, Health Activists, Doctors and Medical Students.
  • With help of those, lot of RTIs has been filed at various authorities and many exclusive stories have been generated. Some stories :

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The Mooknayak : Medical Education

Is becoming a doctor a dream or a death trap?

The 48-hour rule is being flouted in Indian medical colleges - RTI - shocking facts!

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News based on RTI Expose

  • How medical education failed in India
  • Increased number of suicide by medical students
  • Mental health and depression
  • Medical students are forced to leave the hard-won seat
  • 36 hours long duty and burnout
  • 135 Hours a week duty : instead of 48 hours
  • 1992 rules for 48 hours weekly duty is not implemented
  • Fake entries in duty rosters to hide actual working hours
  • Discrimination with PwD and marginalised medical students

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TIP SHEET : Value added RTI requests to counter denial tactics (Ref : The RTI Act 2005, India)

In 20 years, the PIOs in India have learned a lot of tactics on how to deny information. Like

1.  This is personal information.

2. This is third party information.

3. This is not held with us.

4. It will divert our resources.

5. Demanding huge amounts for information.

6. Information is exempted from disclosure.

Therefore, investigative journalists shall write value added RTI requests to counter probable denial for information by the officials.

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Denial Tactics : This is personal information

TIP One : Involve individuals from the affected communities or victims to counter so-called 'personal' information. We have started involving the medical students or their families to request for information about their own duty hours. Inform could be sought within 48 hours in case of life or liberty related issues by individuals regarding their own issues.

TIP Two : Mention in your request that the information sought by me is under 'Larger Public Interest' and the matter is related to large scale corruption or irregularities, or there are doubts that the person has got appointment through fake documents and therefore the information has larger public interest etc.

TIP Three : If the same issue has already been raised in the Parliament or a State Legislature earlier, you can also mention it as the Act has such provisions.

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Denial Tactics : Demand of huge amount

TIP  Four : You can request - 'Kindly provide the information in soft copy through E-mail if possible, or in any format suitable to you.'

 

Denial Tactics : This is Third party information

TIP Five : Even in that case, the PIO cannot simply deny information. Therefore, mention in your request that if this is third party information, please provide me the details as below:

  • Copy of the certificate if it has been classified as confidential by the third party.
  • Notice sent to them and their reply if any.
  • Apart from any objection coming from the third party or not, the information sought is in larger public interest and cannot be denied.

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Denial Tactics : This is not held by us

TIP Six : Use section 5(3) and 6(3) in your request. Mention in your RTI application that if the information is held by another public authority, please transfer under section 6(3) and this assistance is sought under section 5(3). Thus, you have used two provisions at a time.

Denial Tactics : Supplying this information will divert our resources.

TIP Seven : Mention in RTI request - "You can provide me the information in any form available with you and which is easier for you."

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Denial Tactics : Information is exempted from disclosure

TIP Eight : Request 20 or more years old information. 20 years is just a currant history of your time and demanding information regarding some important controversies, issues, doubtful corruption or irregularities in awarding contracts etc could be sought under this provision. Even some old documents can give you some useful insight and data to analyze any current topic.

Some more Tips

TIP NINE : Request for information at multiple public authorities related to each other. Ask for the complaints received and actions taken by the various authorities. Since various authorities report to each other and may not have a vested interest in each case, it's possible that useful information may be provided by one or another authority. Comparing them and finding contradictions can also provide valuable insights and facts for investigative reporting.

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TIP Ten : Involve a group of citizens and RTI activists working on any specific cause such as : anti-corruption, climate change, social justice, and women empowerment. Suggest them to file multiple RTI applications with various authorities and use their findings with proper attribution.

TIP Eleven : Demand the complete file or all records of any particular issue. Investigating probable corruption in road construction, or any contract or expenditure, a specific or partial query may alert the Public Information Officer, allowing them to make excuses. Requesting the complete file may prevent this, as they might not anticipate the scope of the request.

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TIP Twelve : Don't ask for huge information at once. If you request for a little information, getting it will be easier. In case of complicated or a lot of information in a single request, the official may try to ignore it.

TIP Thirteen : Use section FOUR in your application. The public authorities has to suo-motu disclose all major information on internet. Mention in your application that it comes under suo-motu disclosure category and can not be denied.

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Thanks

India's national media often overlooks real issues

  • But independent newsrooms, RTI activists, and citizen groups are using the RTI to shed light on important matters.
  • Despite the law's potential being undermined by amendments, the Data Protection Act, and delays in appointing Information Commissioners at both national and state levels, these efforts are continued to expose crucial information and hold authorities accountable.

RTI Act is now undermined, but…