Mini Unit 3: Cells to Organisms
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Anchoring Phenomenon:
There are disparities in who acquires, gets diagnosed with, receives treatment for, and dies from diabetes and cancer.
Unit Essential Question:
Why are some people diagnosed with disease while others are not?
Created by BSD, Kristin Lowery and Sarah Bell
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TS2C Causes of Cancer |
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Tip: How to Link to other Google Slides
How to Use Digital Interactive Notebooks
This digital notebook will be a main organizational strategy for you during each unit.
In this notebook, you will take notes, write labs, write summaries, and engage with the curriculum.
We will add slides to our notebooks that you will need to keep organized by copying the new slides from my shared notebook and pasting the slides to the end of your personal notebook.
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DO NOT ADD EXTRA PAGES!
IT IS HELPFUL AND IMPORTANT FOR EVERYONE TO HAVE THE SAME PAGES, PAGE NUMBERS, AND ORDER
How to Use Digital Interactive Notebooks
The button on the top right of every page will take you back to the table of contents for easy access to other material.
It can be helpful to copy/paste that button on new pages you create!
Ask me questions by using the FAQ Discussions each week in Canvas. The answer you need may already be in the discussion if some has already asked it!
Use the comment boxes to the left to type additional notes or links you have while going through the lessons. Button:
Use the thought bubbles on the right to write questions or wonderings you want to ask or come back to later.
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Tip: Adding Comments
Golgi Apparatus &
Vesicles
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nucleus &
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Cytoskeleton
& Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
A selectively permeable barrier made up of 2 layers of phospholipids
Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
Day 1 Cell Organelle Summaries:
What cell type
This is a very important homework assignment. It will help you study for your first quiz.
We did the first one for you.
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Unit 4 Tracker - Genomics
How can we answer the task set EQ? | How does this help us explain the anchoring phenomenon? | ||
TS1 EQ: Do cancer and diabetes occur at similar rates in all people at all locations? | Response: | ||
Response: | |||
TS2 EQ: How do cells divide and what happens if they divide too quickly? | Response: | ||
Response: | |||
TS3 EQ: Why doesn’t everyone who has a disease pass that disease on to their children? How are traits passed down over time? | Response: | ||
Response: | |||
TS4 EQ: How can we model simple inheritance patterns? | Response: | ||
Response: |
ALT4 Genomics: Explain how genes and the environment interact to determine traits in populations. |
Anchoring Phenomenon: There are disparities in who acquires, gets diagnosed with, receives treatment for, and dies from diabetes and cancer. |
Unit Essential Questions: Why are some people diagnosed with disease while others are not? |
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Unit 4 Tracker - Genomics
How can we answer the task set EQ? | How does this help us explain the anchoring phenomenon? | ||
TS5 EQ: How are genes “turned on and turned off”, and why does that matter? | Response: | ||
Response: | |||
TS6 EQ: What multifactorial disease is important to me personally and what are the risk factors that are associated with that disease? | Response: | ||
Response: | |||
TS7 EQ: How did the traditional food systems of Native Americans in Oregon differ from the food systems introduced by non-indigenous settlers? What can we learn from the tribes’ food sovereignty efforts to improve environmental conditions and prevent diseases like diabetes? | Response: | ||
Response: | |||
TS8 EQ: How can we educate communities about the genomic factors that increase risk disease? | Response: | ||
Response: | |||
Unit Essential Questions:Why are some people diagnosed with disease while others are not? | |||
Response to Unit Essential Question: | |||
ALT4 Genomics: Explain how genes and the environment interact to determine traits in populations. |
Anchoring Phenomenon: There are disparities in who acquires, gets diagnosed with, receives treatment for, and dies from diabetes and cancer. |
Unit Essential Questions: Why are some people diagnosed with disease while others are not? |
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Intro to Cells - Take notes as we go thru slideshow
Brainstorm a list that all living things can do… “functions of life”:
Prokaryotes:
Eukaryotes:
Prokaryotic key features:
Eukaryotic key features:
List THREE structures found in PLANT CELLS ONLY:
Pause…. Watch Amoeba Sister Video as a class to fill out the function of the organelles:
Cell Membrane: made of a phospholipid bilayer (two layers of phospholipids) that surrounds the cell.
Cytoplasm:
Cytoskeleton:
Ribosomes:
Fundamental to life because they make polypeptides (proteins).
Nucleus:
MAKE SURE ALL YOUR WORK IS ON THE PAGE:
Shrink font and delete spaces!
ALSO USE DIFFERENT COLOR FROM BLACK!
Intro to Cells - Take notes as we go thru slideshow
Nucleolus:
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum:
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum:
Golgi Body (Apparatus):
Mitochondria:
Chloroplast:
Vacuoles:
Cell Wall:
Vesicles:
Explain each step of what is happening in the picture above:
MAKE SURE ALL YOUR WORK IS ON THE PAGE:
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ALSO USE DIFFERENT COLOR FROM BLACK!
Cell Membrane Bubble Lab: Slideshow
Intro Notes:
Cell membranes are made of ….
Cell membranes are …..
Cell Organelles:
Post Lab Notes / Questions:
Introduction to Microscopes - Insert Cell pics below
Specimen: LETTER “e” - USE MEDIUM POWER
Observations: describe detail/texture
…
Calculate the Magnification of your photo using this formula: eyepiece (10X) x objective lens = total
Low (4X) Medium (10X) High (40X)
SHOW YOUR WORK HERE ...
*ours are monocular - one eyepiece
Specimen: DIATOMS - USE HIGH POWER
Observations: .shape, organelles, size, etc
…
Calculate the Magnification of your photo using this formula: eyepiece (10X) x objective lens = total
Low (4X) Medium (10X) High (40X)
SHOW YOUR WORK HERE ...
Specimen: FROGS BLOOD - USE HIGH POWER
Observations: .shape, organelles, size, etc
…
Calculate the Magnification of your photo using this formula: eyepiece (10X) x objective lens = total
Low (4X) Medium (10X) High (40X)
SHOW YOUR WORK HERE ...
Add arrows with labels for all recognizable structures.
Activity: Scale of the Universe - https://htwins.net/scale2/
Cells are small, right? But what does “small” mean? It’s a word that is always going to be relative to some other object. Like calling something “hot” or “cold”, we use the words “big” and “small” for comparison. Navigate to the website listed above. Use the tool to explore the sizes of various objects from the visible to microscopic. CLICK on an object to get more details including its exact size!
a. Between 10-1 m and 10-3 m across → …
b. Between 100 m and 102 m across → …
c. Between 10-8 m and 10-10 m across → …
a. Water molecule ….
b. Glucose …..
c. Phospholipid …..
d. Human Skin Cell ….
a. A human …..
b. Coffee bean ….
c. Basketball ….
Quick scientific notation tutorial: A way to write really small and really large numbers!
A. Negative exponents mean the number is probably small and to visualize it you can move the decimal
point that many places to the left.
Ex: 1.7 x 10-5 = 0.000017 (Decimal was moved 5 spots to the left)
Your turn: 2.3 x 10-3 =
B. Positive exponents mean the number is probably large and to visualize it you can move the decimal
point that many places to the right.
Ex: 1.7 x 105 = 170000.0 (Decimal was moved 5 spots to the right)
Your turn: 8.2 x 104 =
C. Dividing exponents – Divide the coefficients like normal. THEN to “divide” exponents with the same base all you have to do is subtract them! ( Subtracting a negative number from a negative number – a minus sign followed by a negative sign, turns the two signs into a plus sign.)
Ex: (9.0 x 10-2) (3.0 x 10-4) = 3.0 x 102
Your turn: (2.1 x 10-1) (1.9 x 10-6) =
HOW TO PUT EXPONENTS IN YOUR DOC….
Go to FORMAT then TEXT and choose superscript
Note: You are doing NORMAL division for the coefficient and then you are subtracting the exponents.
Slideshow: Why are cells small? Diffusion Lab
Directions: Take notes on these key concepts as we go through the slideshow:
Cells are typically small because…
Surface area dictates amount of exchange across the …
The more surface area…
Volume dictates the amount of materials that are needed or produced in the…
The more volume, the more nutrients and gases that are needed to ….
The more volume, the more waste….
Diffusion: movement of…
So… molecules can diffuse across cell membranes to:
As a cell becomes too large….
The amount of surface area for exchange of materials through the cell (either nutrients in or waste out) is too little for the demands of the volume and the cell will not be able to function properly.
TS1: Engaging in Cancer and Diabetes Data
Unit Essential Questions: SLIDESHOW 1
Why are some people diagnosed with disease while others are not?
| What do you notice? What do you wonder? |
| What do you notice? What do you wonder? |
| What do you notice? What do you wonder? |
| What do you notice? What do you wonder? |
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TS1: Engaging in Cancer and Diabetes Data
| What do you notice? What do you wonder? |
| What do you notice? What do you wonder? |
| What do you notice? What do you wonder? |
| What do you notice? What do you wonder? |
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TS1: Engaging in Cancer and Diabetes Data
| What do you notice? What questions do you have about the variations within each larger group? Why is this important to consider? |
Reflect:
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Animated Genome Video - GENOME: UNLOCKING LIFE’S CODE (5:02mins) - SHOW AT SLOWER SPEED (0.75)
What did you already know that was re-emphasized in this video? | What was new/interesting to you in this video? |
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Mitosis & Cancer TS2A Slideshow
How do cells divide? What happens if they divide too quickly?
Answer the questions in the left column from the slideshow.
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G1:
S:
G2:
…
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Prophase: chromosomes condense
Metaphase: chromosomes line up
Anaphase: chromosomes pull apart
Telophase: 2 new nuclei form around chromatin
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Where is DNA found in a cell?
Remember: what are the 3 reasons why cells divide?
What are the 3 stages of the CELL CYCLE?
What are the 3 stages of INTERPHASE?
Why do cells have their DNA in chromatin form during interphase?
Why do cells have their DNA wound up in chromosome form during mitosis?
Why do cells replicate their DNA before mitosis?
What are key events of each stage of Mitosis? (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)
What is cytokinesis?
What is cancer? How does regulation of the cell cycle relate to cancer?
What is metastasis?
CANCER
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*** REMEMBER: TELOPHASE AND CYTOKINESIS HAPPEN AT SAME TIME
Essential Question:
Cell Cycle Lab - Microscope
PUT PARTNER NAME HERE:
Directions: READ DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY AND FOLLOW THEM!
Phase: Total Mag:
Description:
Phase: Total Mag:
Description:
WARNING
Anything off the page is not visible when submitted to Canvas!
This is a summative assessment. You can ONLY share the raw, uncropped, unedited, unlabeled photo with your partner. EVERYTHING else must be done on your own!
Any infringement on academic integrity will result in a zero for this assignment.
Phase: Total Mag:
Description:
Phase: Total Mag:
Description:
Phase: Total Mag:
Description:
Make a copy of this lab (2 pages) and SUBMIT FINAL DOC TO CANVAS!
WARNING
Anything off the page is not visible when submitted to Canvas!
This is a summative assessment. You can ONLY share the raw, uncropped, unedited, unlabeled photo with your partner. EVERYTHING else must be done on your own!
Any infringement on academic integrity will result in a zero for this assignment.
TS2A: Understanding Cancer - HeLa Cells
BACKGROUND: Cancer occurs when previously healthy cells start dividing more than they should due to mutation in cell cycle regulation genes. With unregulated and inappropriate cell division a tumor forms. Cancer cells no longer carry out their normal purpose and divide more than they should.
After listening to the HeLa Cell Podcast, reflect on the following questions:
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Instructions: Answer the questions below as you listen to the story of Henrietta Lacks. - Radiolab: Henrietta’s Tumor (Start at 35:20 in Famous Tumors Podcast)
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TS2B: Causes of Cancer and the Cell Cycle
Background Information: Organisms grow because the number of cells making up the organisms increase through a process called mitotic cell division. The cell cycle can be thought of as the life cycle of the cell during which time a cell grows, DNA is replicated, the cell prepares for cell division, the nucleus divides (mitosis), and then the cytoplasm divides (cytokinesis). The result is two identical daughter cells. Look closely at the gif below, where a real cell (treated with fluorescent dyes) has been recorded while dividing. Try to identify the stages of mitosis!
Activity:
KEY IDEAS on Each stage of cell cycle from Amoeba Sisters:
What are Checkpoints?
USE THE LINKS BELOW: | Give a two sentence summary for each resource below… this is interesting stuff! | |
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Factors Reported to Be Associated with Cancer (CARCINOGENS)
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TS2C: Tissue Growth Rate
Part II: Online Onion Root Tip Activity
BACKGROUND: Mitosis is the method by which some organisms, like single-celled amoebae, asexually reproduce (make offspring identical to the parent) and also by which sexually reproducing organisms make more cells (grow and regenerate tissues). In mitosis, the nucleus of a cell divides to create two new nuclei, each containing an identical copy of DNA. Mitosis allows the cells in your body to divide and regenerate—needed for your organs to grow, or for your skin to heal after being wounded. Mitosis, the division of the nucleus, is always followed by the division of the cell, a process called cytokinesis.
Using The Biology Project Online Onion Root Tips site, practice what you have learned about mitosis and analyze the data.
Use this table to record how many cells you identified in each stage of the cell cycle and mitosis. Round to the nearest %.
CHART ON NEXT PAGE→
PART I: TS2C SLIDESHOW QUESTIONS:
What phase are most cells in during any random moment of time?
What shape are the cells? Why does this make sense?
How are the plant cells organized?
(TS2D slide 8) - Practice: # of cells dividing: ___
FROM HIGH POWER
(TS2D slide 9)
How many cells in field of view? ___
How many cells dividing? ___
(TS2D slide 11)
What % of cells are dividing (in mitosis) in a TYPICAL CELL CYCLE/TISSUE? ___
What could cause the % of dividing cells in an organism to be lower than this?
What could cause the % of dividing cells in an organism to be higher than this?
(TS2D slide 12)
How much time are cells spending in mitosis (min)? ___
(TS2d slide 16)
Where in your body do we have higher rates of mitosis? And where in your body do we have lower rates of mitosis?
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Use a color different from black
TS2C: Tissue Growth Rate
I observed that…
I counted...
_______ is characterized by…
_______ can be determined by…
SHOW YOUR WORK IN THE “MATH” COLUMN!
| Cells Counted in this Stage | Math (# in phase / # total) x 720 = | Time (min) Spent in Stage |
Interphase | | | |
Prophase | | | |
Metaphase | | | |
Anaphase | | | |
Telophase /Cytokinesis | | | |
The data show that …
This is significant because…
This can be explained by…
Please delete sentence frames if you don’t use them.
| Interphase | Prophase | Metaphase | Anaphase | Telophase | Total |
# of Cells | | | | | | 36 |
% of Cells | | | | | | 100% |
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TS2D: Tissue Growth Rate - Done In Pairs!
Part II: Tissue Growth Rate and Cancer Photo Analysis - DAY 1
Research Question 1: Onion Root Tip vs. Whitefish Blastula
Is onion root tip or whitefish blastula tissue growing faster?
Research Question 2: Healthy vs. Cancerous
Which tissue sample is cancerous?
Tissues Assigned by Teacher to Partners - LINK
Tissue Name and Number | Total # of Cells | # Cells in Mitosis | % of cells in mitosis (Formula in margin) | AVERAGE % of cells in mitosis | Qualitative Observations (These are JUST as important as your data). Describe what you see, patterns, what the cells look like, etc. | ||
YOUR DATA (Onion) | | | | | | ||
Partner’s Data (Onion) | | | | | |||
YOUR DATA (WhiteFish Blastula) | | | | | | ||
Partner’s Data (WhiteFish Blastula) | | | | | |||
Cancer Tissue? _____A | You do not count cells for this part! To answer the second research question you need to do your own research and look for evidence of cancer in tissues A and B. Make your qualitative observations in the boxes to the right! | | |||||
Cancer Tissue? ____B | | ||||||
Our body has the ability to fight cancer. WBCs (purple) are attacking and killing the cancer cells (brown). It is when cancer cells evade detection by our immune system, that we have symptoms, diagnosis, and bigger issues.
You get to do this whole assignment with your partner!
BUT we want each of you to record answers/info in your INB AS YOU GO!
ROW #
Partner Name:
Clues That A Tissue Might Be Cancerous
Arrows Show Abnormal Mitosis
Onion Root Tip Mitosis
Evidence of Cancer
TS2D: Tissue Growth Rate CERs - Done in pairs!
Part III: Tissue Growth Rate and Cancer CER - DAY 1 and Continued to Day 2
Research Question 1 - Is onion root tip or whitefish blastula tissue growing faster?
KEEP GOING…. QUESTION 2 on next page
Please delete sentence frames if you don’t use them.
Please shrink font… remember we can’t see it if it is not on the actual page.
You get to do this whole assignment with your partner!
BUT we want each of you to record answers/info in your INB AS YOU GO!
TS2D: Tissue Growth Rate CERs - Done in pairs!
Part III: Tissue Growth Rate and Cancer CER - DAY 1 and Continued to Day 2
Research Questions 2 - Which tissue sample is cancerous?
Please delete sentence frames if you don’t use them.
Please shrink font… remember we can’t see it if it is not on the actual page.
You get to do this whole assignment with your partner!
BUT we want each of you to record answers/info in your INB AS YOU GO!