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The Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics,

Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland

Laboratory accredited by the Polish Centre for Accreditation, accreditation No. AB 1499*

* an actual scope of accreditation No. AB 1499 is available on the PCA website: www.pca.gov.pl

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New dosimetry audit in Poland –

pilot study for

helical radiotherapy systems

Wioletta Ślusarczyk-Kacprzyk, Iwona Grabska, Agnieszka Walewska, Marcin Szymański

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Dosimetry audit in radiotherapy is a key element of quality assurance (QA).

Ensuring the quality of radiotherapy is a major goal at every stage of treatment. Dosimetry audit in radiotherapy aims primarily to ensure safe treatment for patients and improves quality. This is an independent, external dosimetry audit.

This audit makes it possible to check:

    • the correctness of the calibration of the beams on the therapy units;
    • the geometric reproducibility of planned therapeutic beams;
    • the correctness of the data entered into the treatment planning system;
    • the precision of calculated dose distributions.

Such an audit also indirectly allows one to evaluate the competence of dosimetry teams at the centers.

Introduction

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The basis for performing a dosimetry audit in radiotherapy in Poland is the determination of absorbed dose to water by thermoluminescent dosimetry method.

In Poland dosimetry audit in radiotherapy is performed by the Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) in Warsaw accredited by the Polish Centre of Accreditation.

Introduction

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Note: The accreditation No. AB 1499 granted on 9 April, 2014 covers the determination of absorbed dose to water for X-ray beams in the range of accelerating potentials of 4 MV to 25 MV and for electron beams in the energy range of 4 MeV to 22 MeV.

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In recent years, there have been huge advances in radiotherapy techniques, equipment and treatment planning allowing patients to be treated more efficiently and safely. Modern accelerators allow therapy to be tailored to individual patient needs, increasing treatment effectiveness and minimizing side effects. The continuous development of radiotherapy devices and irradiation techniques requires existing dosimetry audits to be adapted to them.

One advanced form of radiotherapy is helical radiotherapy system like TomoTherapy or Radixact. During this therapy, a linear accelerator rotates around the patient delivering radiation in a manner similar to a helical CT scan, allowing precise irradiation of the tumour from different directions. Simultaneous movement of the therapy table while irradiating the patient allows significant areas to be irradiated without the need to combine fields. This is particularly desirable for irradiating gynecological tumours, soft tissue tumours and bone tumours and for implementing special techniques such as HBI (Half Body Irradiation), TBI (Total Body Irradiation) and TMI (Total Marrow Irradiation).

Introduction

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Introduction

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At present, there are 5 Radixact and 1 TomoTherapy devices installed in Poland and further installations are expected in the coming years. The increase in the number of helical radiotherapy systems in Poland was the impetus for the development of a dosimetry audit methodology for these type of devices.

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Material and methods

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A pilot dosimetry audit for tomotherapy was performed on the RADIXACT (Accuray) installed at the Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw in 2022.

All measurements were performed with a dedicated dosimetry kit including TomoElectrometer and an A1SL type ionization chamber.

  • The standard holder used for postal TLD dosimetry audits was adjusted to the height of the water phantom supplied with the RADIXACT device, as well as to the range of table movement.

  • The TL detectors were irradiated with a static field of 5 x 10 cm2 at a SSD of 85 cm, for depth of 10 cm.

  • TPR values for the tested beam were determined.

TomoElectrometer

A1SL type ionization chamber

Standard holder and holder adapted - cut from the bottom

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Material and methods

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Reference dose was measured in agreement with reference conditions for the determination of absorbed dose to water in high energy photon beams on tomotherapy machines according (TRS 483):

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Material and methods

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  • To determine the reference dose:

    • the PDD10 value for the 5 x 10 cm2 (machine specific reference field) was measured;

    • according to the formula No. 5 of Thomas et al. in AAPM TG 148 this value was converted to PDD10 for a 10 x 10 cm2 field (conventional reference field):

    • kQ for tested beam and used ionisation chamber was determined.

QA for helical tomotherapy: Report of the AAPM Task Group 148

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Material and methods

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Fifteen TLD Li-F MT-F type (Institute of Nuclear Physics, Cracow, Poland) capsules were irradiated in five batches.

TLD capsule irradiation conditions was the same as reference conditions for the determination of absorbed dose to water on Tomotherapy machines according to TRS 483.

The detectors were irradiated with a dose equivalent to 12 seconds of beam on time (BOT), i.e. 204.41 cGy (in this case).

Set of reference detectors was irradiated with known doses close to 200.0 cGy at the SSDL in Co-60 beam.

All detectors' signals were read in SSDL using a Fimel PCL-3 TLD reader.

Fimel PCL 3 TL reader

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Material and methods

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Results

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  • According to the good practices for dosimetry audits in Poland, the deltamean results should be less than ± 3.5%.

  • The results obtained are consistent with each other and meet our expectations for good practice.

  • The total expanded uncertainty in determining the absorbed dose to water using the TLD method is ± 3.4%, with a coverage factor of k = 2.

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The results allow us to expand the scope of dosimetry audits in Poland to include tomotherapy.

This expansion will allow for the inclusion of a larger group of modern devices for advanced radiotherapy techniques in dosimetry audits.

Conclusions

Thank you for your attention.

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References

  1. Langen, K.M., Papanikolaou, N., Balog, J., Crilly, R., Followill, D., Goddu, S.M., Grant, W., III, Olivera, G., Ramsey, C.R. and Shi, C. (2010), QA for helical tomotherapy: Report of the AAPM Task Group 148a). Med. Phys., 37: 4817-4853. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3462971
  2. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Dosimetry of Small Static Fields Used in External Beam Radiotherapy, Technical Reports Series No. 483, IAEA, Vienna (2017)