UNIT-II

Roles of the nurse in Health care

SONIA BIBI

Faculty of nursing

�Unit .II�Roles of the nurse in Health care�

• topics
• Professional.
• Characteristics of a profession.
• Role of the professional nurse.
• Description of career roles.
• Description of a role as communicator.
• Description of a role as a teacher.
• Description of a role as counselor.

​

​

OBJECTIVES

• AT THE END OF THE SESSION LEARNERS WILL BE ABLE TO
• DEFINE NURSING.
• DISCUSS THE TYPES OF NURSING EDUCATION PROGRAMS
• DEFINE PROFESSION
• DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROFESSION.
• DISCUSS THE ROLES OF PROFESSIONAL NURSE.
• Explain the DESCRIPTION OF CAREER ROLES.
• DESCRIBE THE ROLE AS COMMUNICATOR,TEACHER AND COUNCELOR

​

��What is a Profession?��

• A profession is an occupation that involves specialised training and formal qualification before one is allowed to practice or work.
• Society and community place a great deal of trust in the professions.
• a Profession that a code of ethics governs the activities of each Profession. 
• Such codes require behaviour and practice beyond the personal moral obligations of an individual. 

��What is a Profession?�Cont..��

• They define and demand high standards of behavior in respect to the services provided to the public and in dealing with professional colleagues. 
• Further, these codes are enforced by the Profession and are acknowledged and accepted by the community.

(Australian Council of Professions, 2003)

​

�WHAT IS A PROFESSIONAL?��

• The term professional refers to anyone who earns their living from performing an activity that requires a certain level of education, skill, or training.
• There is typically a required standard of competency, knowledge, or education.
• Professionals are governed by codes of ethics as competence, integrity and morality, altruism and the promotion of the public good within their expert domain.
• Professionals are accountable to those they serve and to society.

​

�WHAT IS PROFESSIONALISM?��

• Professionalism’ is defined as the personally held beliefs of a Professional about their own conduct as a member of a Profession.
• It is often linked to the keeping of the principles, laws, ethics and agreements of a Profession in the form of a code of practice.

��Professional Standards��

• Professional standards are a set of practices, ethics, and behaviors that members of a particular professional group must obey:
• Accountability – takes responsibility for their actions.
• Confidentiality – keeps all sensitive information private and away from those who shouldn’t have access to it.
• Fiduciary duty – places the needs of clients before their own
• Honesty – always being truthful.

​

Professional Standards�cont..

• Integrity – having strong moral principles.
• Law-abiding – follows all governing laws in the jurisdictions they perform activities
• Loyalty – remain committed to their profession.
• Objectivity – not influenced or influenced by biases.
• Transparency – revealing all relevant information and not concealing anything.

​

Characteristics of a Profession

•  A basic profession requires an extended education of its members, as well as a basic liberal foundation.
• A profession has a theoretical body of specialized knowledge leading to defined skills, abilities and norms.
• A profession provides a specific service.
• Members of a profession have autonomy in decision-making and practice.
• The profession has a code of ethics for practice.

Characteristics of a Profession�Contd..

• Authority to control its work.
• Service to the society.
• Extensive period of formal training.
• Self – regulation.
• Credentialing system to certify competence.
• Legal reinforcement of professional standards
• Ethical practice.
• Creation of a collegial subculture

�

Characteristics of Nursing profession

• Nursing is caring.
• Nursing involves close personal contact with the recipient of care.
• Nursing is concerned with services that take humans into account as physiological, psychological, and sociological organisms.
• Nursing is committed to promoting individual, family, community, and national health goals in its best manner possible.

Characteristics of Nursing profession�cont..

• Nursing is committed to personalized services for all persons without regard to color, creed, social or economic status.
• Nursing is committed to involvement in ethical, legal, and political issues in the delivery of health care.

​

Qualities of a Professional Nurse

• Love: qualities like mercy, kindness, helping hands for others.
• Willingness and self-sacrifice: willing to serve under any trying situation, a nurse sacrifices his/her efforts, time and comfort.
• Reliability: The patients under her/His care, their families, doctors and members of the "health team" depend on her/his, trust and competency.
• Resourcefulness: In critical circumstances she/he uses wisdom and knowledge and performs her/his duties for patient well being.

�

Qualities of a Professional Nurse�cont..

• Courage: Courage his/her team in critical situation.
• Observant : A good nurse is always vigilant.
• Willingness to learn: A nurse must keep in touch with the latest research and developments in medicine/treatment and "maintain her/his knowledge and skill updated.

Categories of nursing personnel

• Staff nurse.
• Senior staff nurse.
• Nursing superintendent.
• Nursing tutor/clinical instructor.
• Principal, school midwifery of nursing
• Lecturer, college of nursing.
• Assistant professor college of nursing.
• Professor, college of nursing.

�

Categories of nursing personnel

• Principal, college of nursing.
• Senior assistant director of nursing.
• Public health nurse.
• lady health visitor.

�

Essential nursing professional values

• Altruism: fair-minded and selfless concern for the well-being of others.
• Autonomy: the rights or condition of self-government.
• Human dignity: honors or respect.
• Integrity: the practice of being honest and showing a consistency.
• Social justice: equal distribution.

�

�Different role of the professional nurse.�

Role as a Nurse Manager

• Staff management.
• Case management.
• Treatment planning.
• Recruitment.
• Budgeting.
• Scheduling.
• Discharge planning.
• Mentoring.
• Developing educational plans.
• Records management.

​

Role of Nurse as clinical Coordinator�

• Orients and educates patients and their families.
• providing educational information related to treatments, procedures, medications, and continuing care requirements.
• Participating in meetings, coordinating information and care requirements facilities.
• Resolving issues related to patient care and staff .
• Maintains professional and technical knowledge by attending educational workshops.

​

Role of Nurse as clinical Coordinator�cont..

• Monitors delivery of care by completing patient rounds, documenting care, identifying progress toward desired care outcomes.
• Protects self, co-workers, and patients by following policies and procedures to prevent from diseases.
• Respects patients by recognizing their rights maintaining confidentiality.
• Develops interdisciplinary care plan.

​

​

Role of Nurse as Caregiver

• The caregiver role has traditionally included those activities that assist the client physically and psychologically while preserving the client’s dignity.
• The required nursing actions may involve full care for the completely dependent patient, partial care for the partially dependent client, and supportive-

​

Cont…

• Educative care to assist client’s in attaining their highest possible level of health and wellness.
• Caregiving encompasses/inculdes the physical, psychosocial, developmental, cultural, and spiritual levels.

Role of Nurse as patient advocate

• A patient advocate acts to protect the patient.
• In this role the nurse may represent the client’s needs and wishes to other health professionals, such as relaying the client’s wishes for information to the physician.

​

​

​

What is holistic nursing care?

Role of Nurse as change agent

• The nurse acts as a change agent when assisting clients to make modifications in their behavior.
• Nurse also often act to make changes in a system, such as clinical care, if it is not helping a client return to health.
• Technological change, change in the age of the client population, and changes in medications are just a few of the changes nurses deal with daily.

​

Role of Nurse as leader

• A leader influences others to work together to accomplish a specific goal.
• The leader role can be employed at different levels:
• Individual client, family, groups of clients, colleagues, or the community.
• Effective leadership is a learned process requiring an understanding of the needs and goals that motivate people, the knowledge to apply the leadership skills, and the interpersonal skills to influence others.

​

28

Role of Nurse as case manager

• Nurse case managers work with the multidisciplinary health care team to measure the effectiveness of the case management plan and to monitor outcomes.
• Regardless of the setting, case managers help ensure that care is oriented to the client, while controlling costs.

​

Role of Nurse as research

• Nurse often use research to improve patient care. In a clinical area, nurses need to:
• (a) have some awareness of the process and language of research,
• (b) be sensitive to issues related to protecting the rights of human subjects,
• (c) participate in the identification of significant researchable problem, and
• (d) be a discriminating consumer of research findings.

​

Role of Nurse as nurse practitioner

• A nurse who has an advanced education and is a graduate of a nurse practitioner program.
• such as adult nurse practitioner, family nurse practitioner, school nurse practitioner pediatric nurse practitioner.
• They are employed in health care agencies or

community based settings.

​

Role of Nurse as clinical nurse specialist

• A nurse who has an advanced degree or expertise and is considered to be an expert in a specialized area of practice .
• The nurse provide direct client, educates others and manage care.

​

Role of Nurse as nurse midwife�

• The nurse gives prenatal,intranatel and postnatal care and manage deliveries in normal pregnancies.
• The midwife practices in association with a health care agencies and can obtain medical services if complications occur.

​

Role of Nurse as nurse administrator

• The nurse administrator manages client’s care including the delivery of nursing services.
• The administrator may have middle management position ,such as head nurse or supervisor or a more senior management position such as director of nursing service.

​

Role of Nurse as nurse educator

• Nurse educators are employed in nursing programs at educational institutions and in hospital staff education .
• The nurse educator is responsible for classroom and often clinical teaching.

​

Role of Nurse as counselor

• Counseling is the process of helping a client to recognize and cope with stressful psychological or social problems to develop improved interpersonal relationship and to promote personal growth.
• It involves providing emotional, intellectual and psychological support.

​

• Reference
• Kozier & Erb’s
• FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING Concepts, Process and Practice 8^th edition.

​

38