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Expressing FUTURE actions

Will, shall, be going to, bound to, might, would like to, by the time,

Intentions, plans, predictions, offers, invitations, instant decisions, scheduled events,

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Resources

Jon Blundell, Jonathan Higgens and Nigel Middlemiss (1982): Function in English. OUP

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http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/goingtofuture/menu.php

http://seccionsociais.blogspot.com.es/

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Futuro simple. Explicación español.doc (A1 / A2)

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​

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Future Practice for Basic 1

Listening Practice for Future

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Future Practice

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/goingtofuture/menu.php (be going to)

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Be going to (Pre-intermediate El BLog de Cristina)

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Be going to or will (Pre-intermediate El BLog de Cristina)

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The Future on YouTube

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Revision of Verb Tenses

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Saying you intend to do something.

That looks exciting.

Yes, I’m going to see it tonight.

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I’m going to...

You are in your office at work. Outside, children have been playing football noisily against your office wall. A colleague complains.

​

It’s impossible to work with all that noise!

Yes, I think I’ll stop them. I’m planning to...

Yes, I think I will… I’ll make an effort to...

I’ve decided… I’ll do all I can...

I’ll see if I can’t… I plan to...

I’m going to make sure...

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I’m going to...

Your friend, Jeremy, comes to see you and admires your car, which you have been cleaning up.

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It looks great!

As a matter of fact I’m thinking of selling it.

I reckon I’ll…

I reckon I will…

I’ll….or bust!

(=....o nada)

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I’m going to...

You are visiting your firm’s subsidiary company in England to reassure to board officially that a move to take over your company will be resisted.

​

We’d be most grateful for a statement as to the present position.

Then let me say clearly that I have every intention of preventing any possible moves for a take-over.

I fully intend…

My intention is to…

It is my intention to…

​

I really don’t feel you’ll find any

answers to our problems...

​

​

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Saying you do not intend to do something.

Yes, I’m not going to pay $2500 for a dress!

That’s very expensive.

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I’m going to...

You have recently arrived in England, and your landlady is talking to you.

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If you don’t see all of England now, you can see the rest next year.

Well, I won’t be visiting any English country next year.

I’ve decided not to…

I don’t plan to…

I’m not planning…

I won’t…

Nothing could be farther from my mind.

Nothing could be farther from my mind than… (page 112)

​

​

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“I’m -ing…” for future actions

Your friend, Sandy, tells you a very good job has been advertised, but you are not interested.

Have you seen this job?

Yes, but I don’t reckon I’ll bother.

I’m not thinking of…

I don’t reckon I will…

It never entered my head...

If I were you, I’d…

You must...

I remember seeing Sandy, …

Do you enjoy being interviewed on TV?

Do you remember having seen her?

I’d advise you (not) to...

​

​

​

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“I’m -ing…” for future actions

Your friend, Sandy, tells you a very good job has been advertised, but you are not interested.

I’m glad to hear he’s well.

I think that she’s resigned.

Would you rather I gave it you now?

I wish their letter would come.

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(page 112)

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There is NOT just one future tense in English.

How to express the future then?

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1. With the modal WILL. (Future Simple)

There are several ways to express the future. Let’s see two of those ways.

2. With BE GOING TO.

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FUTURE SIMPLE

AFFIRMATIVE:

Subject + WILL + base form of verb

Your brother WILL become famous soon.

Will = ‘ll

Your brother’ll become famous soon.

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FUTURE SIMPLE

NEGATIVE:

Subject + WILL + NOT + base form of verb

My friend WILL NOT marry that man.

WILL + NOT = WON’T

My friend won’t marry that man.

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FUTURE SIMPLE

INTERROGATIVE:

WILL+Subj.+ base form of verb ?

WILL IT rain tomorrow ?

Short answers

Yes, it will.

No, it won’t.

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Future Simple

We use the modal WILL + the base form of the main verb for:

1. Predictions.

You will get married and have 10 children!

2. Quick decisions.

I’ll have another cup of coffee, please!

​

3. Promises.

Ok! I’ll call you tomorrow.

​

I WILL (’ll) call

You WILL (’ll) call

He / She WILL (’ll) call

We WILL (’ll) call

You WILL (’ll) call

They WILL (’ll) call

​

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“BE GOING TO”

I am (I’m)

You are (You’re)

He is (He’s)

She is (She’s)

It is (It’s)

We are (We’re)

You are (You’re)

They are (They’re)

​

​

​

going to

​

​

(base form of verb =

Infinitive without “to”)

AFFIRMATIVE:

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“BE GOING TO”

​

​

I am not (I’m not)

You are not (You aren’t)

He is not(He isn’t)

She is not (She isn’t)

It is not (It isn’t)

We are not (We aren’t)

You are not (You aren’t)

They are not (They aren’t)

​

​

​

going to

​

​

(base form of verb =

Infinitive without “to”)

NEGATIVE:

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“BE GOING TO”

I

you

he /she /it

we/you/they

​

going to

​

Base ?

INTERROGATIVE:

Am

Is

Are

Short answers

Yes, + Subject pronoun + am / is / are.

No, + Subject pronoun + isn’t / aren’t.

*(Note: No, I’m not).

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BE GOING TO

We use BE GOING TO + the base form of the main verb for:

1. Plans / Intentions.

I am going to practise hard to become a rock star!

2. Predictions based on clear signs.

Look at those clouds! It is going to rain!

​

I am going to + V

You are going to + V

He / She is going to + V

We are going to + V

You are going to + V

They are going to + V

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REMEMBER!

PREDICTIONS

​

QUICK DECISIONS

​

PROMISES

PLANS /

INTENTIONS

​

PREDICTIONS

BASED ON

CLEAR SIGNS

WILL + V

BE GOING TO + V

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WILL WITH « BE »

When the main verb is BE, we can use the simple future tense even if we have a firm plan or decision before speaking. Examples:

​

  • I'll be in London tomorrow.
  • I'm going shopping. I won't be very long.
  • Will you be at work tomorrow?

​

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Questions

  • How are you going to spend your next vacation? Are you going anywhere?
  • When will the new machine arrive?
  • What are you going to do next?
  • Is anyone going to travel with you?
  • What do you think the party will be like?

IF YOU HAVE FIRM PLANS USE «GOING TO » BUT IF YOU DON’T USE « WILL ».

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PRACTISE!

Choose the right way to express the future in the following situations.

SITUATION 1

SITUATION 2

SITUATION 3

You’re thirsty, aren’t you? I (get) you a glass of water.

Oh no! He really (paint) the room that colour?

ANSWER

​

I WILL (’ll) get you

a glass of water.

(QUICK DECISION)

ANSWER

​

IS he really GOING TO paint

the room that colour?

(INTENTION)

ANSWER

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We WILL not (won’t) be back late.

(PROMISE)

The film finishes at 10 p.m.

We (not be) back late.

The film finishes at 10 p.m.

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ANSWER

​

In Scotland it WILL rain

tomorrow. In the south of

England it WILL be sunny.

(PREDICTION)

SITUATION 4

SITUATION 5

ANSWER

​

I WILL (’ll) call the doctor.

(QUICK DECISION)

You’re not well.

I (call) the doctor.

In Scotland it (rain) tomorrow. In the south of England it (be) sunny.

SITUATION 6

Ketchup or mayonnaise?

I (have) mayonnaise, please.

ANSWER

​

I WILL (’ll) have mayonnaise,

please.

(QUICK DECISION)

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Will / Be Going to

  • 1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper? �B: I (write)___________ a letter to my friends back home in Texas.

​

  • 2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up! �B: I (get)_________ you a cup of coffee. That will

wake you up.

  • �3. A: I can't hear the television! �B: I (turn) __________ it up so you can hear it.
  • �4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) ___________Paris and Nice.

are going to visit

‘ll turn

am going to write

‘ll get

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  • 5. A: It is so hot in here! �B: I (turn)________ the air conditioning on.
  • �6. I think he (be)_________ the next President of the United States.
  • 7. I am ___________to work in ten minutes.
  • 8. I guess I ____________stay home tonight.
  • 9. I________be in Texas next week.

will

will

going to

‘ll turn

will be

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WILL

We use will + infinitive without to:

  • to express a sudden decision made at the moment of speaking.
  • To express intention or promise.
  • To express a prediction based on opinion or beliefs.
  • To make a request or an offer.

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I have a nice dress! I will go to the party tonight!

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I promise, I will bring the book tomorrow!

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We think he will win the competition! He is a Spiderman!

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Be going to

We use be going to + infinitive without to:

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  • To express an intention/plan.

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  • To express a prediction based on something we can observe now.

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It is going to rain!

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Hmmm... I am going to sleep !

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�Present Continuous

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​

​

  • We use Present Continuous to talk about future events we have arranged.

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I am going to the cinema tonight!

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Present Simple

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​

  • We use Present Simple to talk about future events that we cannot change.

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Hurry up! The train leaves in two hours.

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The Future Continuous Tense

We use the future continuous tense to talk about things that have been planned or likely to happen.

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The Future Progressive

This tense is used to describe an event or action that will occur over a period of time at a specific point in the future.

I will be teaching ESL 40 at 10 a.m. tomorrow.

They will be moving their furniture out of the house by the time you arrive tomorrow.

​

at 10 a.m. tomorrow

by the time you arrive

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How do we use future continuous tense.

1. Expressing activity will be happening at a time in the future / For an action that will be continuous during a period of time.

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  • If the weather remains good, we’ll be swimming all day tomorrow.

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  • He will be living in Thailand this time next year.

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2. Interrupted action in the future

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� I will be watching T.V. when she arrives.

�3. Parallel actions in the future

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� I am going to be studying and he is going to be making dinner.

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4. Atmosphere in the future: In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe atmosphere at a specific point in the future.

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- When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing. Others are going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, and several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing.

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Toby won’t be at home at 9 o’clock this Sunday. He will be climbing in the Himalayas then

The action climb starts before this Sunday and probably continues after it

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  • We will be having a quiz at 8 in the morning tomorrow.
  • I (watch) _____________ TV when my aunt calls from Australia tonight.
  • We (take) ___________ our final examinations from December 16 to 18.

will be watching

will be taking

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Expresses a future action with intention

The future continuous tense

Expresses a future action as a statement of a fact

The simple future tense

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What’s the difference?

​

  • I will watch TV when my aunt calls from Australia tonight.

​

​

  • I will be watching TV when my aunt calls from Australia tonight.

My aunt will call; then, as I am talking to her, I will watch TV.

While I am watching TV, my aunt will call.

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Which should you use?

​

​

  • We ___________ the community concert on November 28.

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  • We ___________ the school fair from November 24 to 29.

will be holding

will hold

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Future Perfect Tense

Future Perfect Progressive�

  • The future perfect tense is quite an easy tense to understand and use. The future perfect tense talks about the past in the future.
  • When you want to refer to an ongoing action, state, or event or to a habitual action that will continue until or through a specific time, use the future perfect progressive.

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  • Habitual action: In october, we will have been commuting together for twenty years.
  • Ongoing event: By that time, the temperature will have been increasing steadily for five years.

The future perfect progressive consists of three auxiliary verbs- will, have and be - and the -ing form of the main verb. The auxiliary verbs will and have come first. Next is the perfect / passive form of the verb be / been. The final element of the future perfect progressive is the -ing form of the main verb.

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​

Singular Plural

First I will have we will have

person been (verb) + -ing been (verb) +

-ing

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(page 107)

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How do we make the Future Perfect Tense?�

subject

+

auxiliary verb

+

auxiliary verb

+

main verb

​

​

​

​

WILL

​

​

​

​

HAVE

​

​

​

V3

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  • I will have finished by 10 am.
  • You will have forgotten me by then.
  • She will not have gone to school.
  • We will not have left. 
  • Will you have arrived? 
  • Will they have received it?

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How do we use the Future Perfect Tense?�

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​

  • The future perfect tense expresses action in the future before another action in the future. This is the past in the future.

​

​

For example:

​

​

  • The train will leave the station at 9am. You will arrive at the station at 9.15am. When you arrive, the train will have left.

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  • You can call me at work at 8am. I will have arrived at the office by 8.
  • They will be tired when they arrive. They will not have slept for a long time.
  • "Mary won't be at home when you arrive."�"Really? Where will she have gone?"

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  • I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.�
  • By Monday Susan is going to have had my book for a week.�
  • By next November* I will have received my promotion.

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  • By the time he gets home* his wife is going to have cleaned the entire house.�

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  • Sally always leaves for work at 8:30 in the morning , so she will not be at home at 9 o'clock.She will have gone to work.
  • We are late. The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema.
  • I will have finished my homework by the time I go out on a date tonight.
  • I will graduate in june . I will see you in july. By the next time I see you , I will have graduat ed

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What is the difference?

  • Past perfect :

When their first child was born,they had been married for three years.

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  • Present perfect:

Ted and Amy have been married for 24 years

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  • Future perfect:

Next year they will have been married for 25 years

​

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Expressing future actions:

  • Future simple
  • Be going to
  • Present continuous
  • Future perfect
  • Future continuous

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Future simple

  • We use will + infinitive for things we decide to do as we are speaking.

​

​

​

Bye John!

I`ll call you later.

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Will you help me with my homework?

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Be going to

  • We use be going to + infinitive for things we have already decided to do before speaking.

​

I am going to make John's birthday cake.

​

​

​

Who are you going to invite to the party?

​

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Present continuous

  • We use present continuous for things we have already agreed to do, usually with somebody else (arrangements).

​

I am meeting some friends after school.

3.00 PM meeting friends

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We’ve booked the flight. We are flying to Florida in July.

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​

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  • I don’t know how to use this camera.
  • It’s easy. I…………….......you. (show)

​

  • Why are you filling that bucket with water?
  • I ................................... the car. (wash)

​

  • Oh, I’ve just realized. I haven’t got any money.
  • Haven`t you? Well, don’t worry.

I …………………… you some. (lend)

​

​

‘ll show

am going to wash

‘ll lend

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Future continuous

  • Future continuous is used to describe a situation in the future at a particular time.

​

Tonight at 6.00 PM, I will be eating dinner.�

​

​

​

​

​

I am going to start earlier (5.50 PM) and I will be in the process of eating dinner at 6.00 PM.

​

​

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​

​

This time tomorrow I will be flying to Hawaii.

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​

​

​

The plane will took off at 8.00 AM and I will be in the process of flying at _____ AM

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Future perfect

We use future perfect to talk about action that will be completed in the future.

​

I will have graduated from university by 2021.

​

2018?

2019?

2020?

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The builder says he will have finished the roof by Saturday.

Saturday:

​

I have already finished!

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Vicky goes to school every day. She leaves home at 7.15 AM.

​

At 7.00 AM

​

  • She`ll be leaving the house
  • She`ll be at home
  • She`ll have left the house
  • He`ll be having breakfast.

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Vicky leaves home at 7.15 AM and arrives at school at 7.35 AM.

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At 7.20 AM

​

  • She`ll be leaving the house
  • She`ll have left the house
  • She`ll have arrived at school
  • She`ll be arriving at school

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Vicky arrives at school at 7.35 AM. Her English lesson starts at 7.45 AM.

​

​

At 8.00 AM

​

  • She`ll be speaking English
  • She`ll start speaking English
  • She`ll have started speaking English
  • She`ll be arriving at school

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Bibliography

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Thank you for your attention

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​

Future Tense

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We can use the simple future tense :

  • When we predict a future event or situation,

e.g. I think that the white robot will win the race.

2. When we make decisions at the time of speaking,

e.g. What time do you want to meet tomorrow morning? I’ll meet you at ten.

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Adverbs that used in future tense:

tomorrow

The day after tomorrow

In a few days

In two weeks ’ time

Two days later

In the future

In a few minutes

Next Sunday

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Positive & negative statement of simple future tense :

Subject Aux.verb m.verb

I,You on holiday next Sunday.

We

at home in a few days.

They

She to school tomorrow

He,It

.

will

won’t

will

won’t

be

go

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Question Form of Future Tense:

Tomorrow?

​

​

Next Monday?

your uncle

​

at home

​

I, you,

we,

they

he,she,

it

​

time

Object

main verb

subject

aux.verb

visit

be

Will

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We can also use ‘be going to’ in future tense to express a greater degree of certainty.

We can use ‘be going to’ to:

  • Talk about what we think will happen soon,

e.g. Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain.

2. Talk about what we have already arranged or decided to do, e.g. I’m going to punish Mary because she is so talkative.

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Neg. & Pos. Form of ‘be going to’:

He

She

It

​

tomorrow.

​

the boy

​

visit

You

We

They

I

time

Object

m.verb

aux.verb

Subject

am

‘m not

are

aren’t

is

isn’t

going to

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Question Form of ‘be going to’:

he

she

it

a computer?

​

some software?

buy

​

install

you

we

they

I

object

m.verb

aux.verb

subject

aux.verb

Am

Are

Is

going to

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The Comparison of ‘will’ , ‘be going to’ & ‘will be going’ :

punish

​

​

He She

It

Jackson

punish

​

​

You

We

They

punish

I

​

object

main .verb

aux.verb

Subject

will

am going to

will be

will

are going to

will be

will

is going to

will be

punishing

punishing

punishing

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We also use the future continuous tense to talk about the future. We use it to:

  • Talk about activities that will be in progress at specific times in the future,

e.g. I’ll be giving a presentation about computers at three this afternoon.

  • Talk about arrangements that have been made for the future,

e.g. The IT Club will be having a barbecue next month.

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Positive & Negative Form of Future Continuous Tense:

​

to the show.

lunch at 1 pm. soon.

​

going

having

leaving

​

​

will be

will not/

won’t be

I, You

We,

They,

He,

She,It

Main verb

Aux.verb

Subject

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Question Form of Future Continuous Tense:

​

to the show?

lunch at 1 pm?

soon?

​

going

having

leaving

​

​

be

I,you,

We,

they,

He,

She,

it

​

​

Will

main verb

Aux.

verb

​

Subject

aux.verb

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Pos. & Neg. Form of Present, Past & Future Tense (verb to be):

tomorrow.

happy

at home

I,You,We,They,He,She,It (P&S)

Future

yesterday.

happy

at home

You,We,They (P) I, He,She,It (S)

Past

everyday.

happy

at home

I

You,We,They (P)

​

He,She,It (S)

Present

Time

Adjective/place

Verb(P/N)

Subject

Tense

am/ain’t

are/aren’t

is/isn’t

were/weren’t

was/wasn’t

will be/

won’t be

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Question Form of Present, Past & Future tense (verb to be) :

tomorrow?

happy

at home

I, you,we,they,he, be

she,it

Future

yesterday?

happy

at home

I, he, she, it

​

you, we, they

Past

everyday?

happy

at home

I

you,we,they

​

he,she,it

Present

Time

Adjective/place

Subject

Verb

Tense

Am

Are

Is

Was

Were

Will

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Pos. & Neg. Form of Present, Past & Future Tense (other verbs):

tomorrow.

to school

I,You,We,They,

He,She,It (S&P)

Future

yesterday.

to school

I,You,We,They,

He,She,It (S&P)

Past

​

everyday.

​

to school

I,You,We,They

(Plural)

​

He,She,It (Sing)

​

Present

Time

Place

Verb(P&N)

Subject

Tense

go

don’t go

goes

doesn’t go

went

didn’t go

will go

won’t go

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Question Form of Present, Past & Future Tense (other verbs) :

tomorrow?

to school

I,you,we,they

he,she,it

Future

yesterday?

to school

I,you,we,they

He,she,it

Past

everyday?

to school

I,you,we,they

​

he,she,it

Present

Time

Place

Verb

Subject

A.verb

Tense

Do

Does

Did

Will

go

go

go

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Adverbs of Present, Past & Future Tense

Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Monday, next morning, in a few days, in two weeks, two days later, after a week.

Future

Yesterday, the day before yesterday, last Sunday, last week, A week ago, in 1987, this morning.

Past

Everyday, every week, every Sunday,

Once a week, twice a week, always, Usually, often, sometimes, never.

Present

Adverbs of time

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There are several ways to express the future in English:

  • Will
    • Used for predictions
    • Used for scheduled events
    • Used for promises
    • Used for offers
    • Used in combination with time clauses (as soon as, when, before, after)
  • Simple Present
    • Used for scheduled public events such as train and plane schedules, course schedules, etc.
  • Present Continuous
    • Used for planned or personally scheduled events. Usually used with common verbs such as: come, go, begin, start, finish, have, etc.
  • Be going to
    • The future with 'going to' is used to express planned events or intentions. These events or intentions are decided on before the moment of speaking (more distant than PCont.).
    • Used for future predictions based on physical (usually visual) evidence.

©Rafael Moreno Esteban

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Examples:

  • Prediction
  • Scheduled event
  • Promises
  • Offer
  • Public events
  • Predictions with evidence
  • Intentions
  • Combination of clauses
  • Plans

©Rafael Moreno Esteban

He's coming tomorrow afternoon.

He will telephone as soon as he arrives.

Frank is going to study Medicine.

Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.

The class begins at 11.30.

They'll help you if you want.

Will you marry me?

The concert will begin at 8 o'clock.

She won't win the election.

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Structure: Future with Will

©Rafael Moreno Esteban

Pronunciation

it rain tomorrow?

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will ('ll) help you immediately.

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won't leave soon.

Will

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//

//

I�You�He�She�It�We�You�They

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Structure: Future with Present Continuous

©Rafael Moreno Esteban

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working next week.

I'm (I am)�You're (You are)�He's (He is)�She's (She is)�It's (It is)�We're (We are)�You're (You are)�They're (They are)

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coming this evening.

I'm not (I am not)�You aren't (You are not)�He isn't (He is not)�She isn't (She is not)�It isn't (It is not)�We aren't (We are not)�You aren't (You are not)�They aren't (They are not)

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doing this afternoon?

am I�are you�is he�is she�is it

are we�are you�are they

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What

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Structure: Future with Be going to

©Rafael Moreno Esteban

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work this evening.

I'm going to (I am)�You're going to (You are)�He's going to (He is)�She's going to (She is)�It's going to (It is)�We're going to (We are)�You're going to (You are)�They're going to (They are)

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come this evening.

I'm not going to (I am not)�You aren't going to (You are not)�He isn't going to (He is not)�She isn't going to (She is not)�It isn't going to (It is not)�We aren't going to (We are not)�You aren't going to (You are not)�They aren't going to (They are not)

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do tomorrow?

am I going to�are you going to�is he going to�is she going to�is it going to�are you going to�are they going to

are we going to

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What

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Structure: Future with Simple Present

©Rafael Moreno Esteban

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at noon.

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arrives

He�She�It

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at noon.

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arrive

I�You�We�They

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at noon.

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doesn't leave

He�She�It

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at noon.

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don't leave

I�You�We�They

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leave at noon?

He�She�It

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Does

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leave at noon?

I�You�We�They

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Do

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Common future time expressions include:

  • next (week, month, year)
  • tomorrow
  • in X's time (amount of time, i.e. two week's time)
  • in year, time clauses (when, as soon as, before, after)
  • simple present (example: I will telephone as soon as I arrive.) soon, later

©Rafael Moreno Esteban

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To learn more…

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http://www.world-english.org/grammarfuture.htm

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FUTURE TENSES: WILL/BE GOING TO

I will travel to Japan next summer : decision

I am going to study German at school: plan

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WILL / GOING TO

The simple Future has two different forms in English: will and be going to. Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two different meanings as mentioned before.

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I will probably go to London next summer.

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I am going to fly to London next Saturday.

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FUTURE TENSE : WILL FORM

Affirmative: I will travel to Madrid in October

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Interrogative: Will you travel by bus?

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Negative: I will not travel – won´t

Will you travel by train or by bus?

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I won’t travel by bus I will probably travel by train

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FUTURE TENSES: USES OF WILL

1.-Instant decisions: Ok, I’ll see you on Friday

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2.-Predictions based in what we think: It will rain in the evening.

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3.- Promises and offers: Don’t worry, I’ll go and buy some food for you.

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FUTURE TENSE: BE GOING TO - FORM

  • Affirmative: I am going to travel by plane.

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  • Interrogative: Are you going to travel by plane?

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  • Negative: I am not going to travel

by plane because I am going to fly

in a hot air balloon.

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FUTURE TENSE: USES OF GOING TO

1.- Future plans and intentions: I am going

to buy a new laptop computer next week

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2.- Predictions based in what we can see at the moment; Look at that car! It is going to crash into the lamp post.

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FUTURE TENSES

  • TIME EXPRESSIONS
  • Tomorrow, next week, next month, next year…

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I am going to travel to New York next year

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FUTURE TENSES IN ENGLISH

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WILL/GOING TO

I will travel to France next month

DECISION

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I´m going to study French at school

PLAN

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WILL/GOING GO

  • The simple future has two different forms in English : “will” and “going to”. Although both forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two different meanings as expressed before.
  • I will probably fly to Italy
  • next summer.
  • I ´m going to fly to Italy
  • next Saturday.

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USES OF WILL

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  • Instant decisions

Ok, I´ll see you on Saturday.

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  • Predictions based on what we think (past experience or knowledge, especially in predictive conditionals)

It will rain this evening.

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  • Promises, requests and offers

Don´t worry, I´ll go and buy some food for you.

We´ll help you clean up.

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SHALL

  • We use shall with I or we to express determination, or in questions to make offers or suggestions.

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  • Shall I make some tea?
  • Let´s talk later, shall we?

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In American English, will/won´t (not shall/shan´t) are used with I and we.

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USES OF GOING TO

  • Future plans and intentions (decision already made)

I´m going to buy a new car.

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  • Predictions based on what we can see at the moment.

Look at that car! It´s going to crash into that traffic light.

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OTHER WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE FUTURE

  • PRESENT SIMPLE and PRESENT CONTINUOUS.
  • They are normally connected with schedules/timetables.

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The train leaves tomorrow at 6.

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She´s meeting a new client in London. (future action we have planned or arranged)

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FUTURE CONTINUOUS

This tense is used to describe an event or action that will occur over a period of time at a specific point in the future. To talk about future actions in progress at a particular time.

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They will be having dinner by the time you get home.

Tomorrow at this time I´ll be sunbathing on the beach.

They will be sailing in the Atlantic ocean by the time you arrive at the island.

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FUTURE PERFECT

  • This tense is used to say that something will be completed by a particular time in the future..

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  • The bus will have left by the time we get to the bus stop.

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FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

  • WILL+ HAVE BEEN+ ING

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  • We use this tense when we look ahead to a future time and imagine an action lasting from a point before that time up to that future time.

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On the 10th of this month, I´ll have been living here for exactly two years.

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PRACTICE: Choose an ending(a-d) for each beginning (1-4) and add will, will be or will have been.

  • 1.Next April 21st…….my parent´s silver anniversary. (…)
  • 2. I´m sure everyone…..want to get an early start. (…)
  • 3. Mr Russell….teaching his last English classes during May.(…)
  • 4. My wife as a student…..over at the end of this term. (...)
  • A. By then, he…….working here for 40 years.
  • B. That means they ….married for 25 years then.
  • C. Do you realize that I……in school for most of my life so far?
  • D. ………you…….ready to leave at about 6 am?