Electricity

Science FUNdamentals

Outline

• Static Electricity
• Current Electricity
• Electromagnetism

WIZARDS OF ELECTRICITY – THE STATIC WAND

The Static Wand is based on two things:

• charge separation
• repulsion of like charges.

• When turned on, the Wand builds up a (-) charge. This is called a charge separation.
• When the tinsel shape comes in contact with the Wand, the excess negative charge is transferred to the tinsel.

How does it work?

• The tinsel is a good conductor of (-) charge and distributes this charge over the whole tinsel shape and becomes negatively charged itself.

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• Since like charges repel, the tinsel tends to float above the Wand

EXPERIMENT TIME!!!

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Credit: Chemistry Experiment Vector Illustration By Vecteezy

INDUCED CHARGE SEPARATION

• Induced charge separation is similar to normal charge separation except that it involves no contact.
• Instead, when a charged object is brought near a neutral object, the electrons of the neutral object move towards or away from the charged object.

Charged object:

Neutral Object:

Balloon race

Credit: Chemistry Experiment Vector Illustration By Vecteezy

CONCLUSION

• The balloon steals negative charges (electrons) from the student's hair.
• When the balloon is brought close to the tin can, they created an induced charge separation. The electrons move away from the face of the tin can, this left it with an excess positive charge.

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THE BASIC CIRCUIT

A simple circuit consists of:

• Batteries
• Conducting wires
• Resistor
• A switch

• Supplies a voltage: measure of how much potential energy each electron has
• Voltage drives electrons through the circuits from one end of the battery to the the other

THE BATTERY

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Lemon Battery

Credit: Chemistry Experiment Vector Illustration By Vecteezy

• Light bulb is similar to an electrical dam that uses the rushing water to create power

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THE LIGHT

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EXPERIMENT TIME!!!

CONCLUSION

• Created a simple circuit
• Electrons collide with the atoms of the lead
• Energy is transferred to the atom and electrons
• Electrons are unstable in this high energy state and want get rid of the extra energy
• Emit a photon (light particle)

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What happens when the switch is off?

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ELECTROMAGNETISM

• Magnetism is the result of electricity and that electricity can be created using magnetism! It goes both ways!

• Electricity is the result of the movement of electrons, but as these electrons move/spin they also create a magnetic field around them.

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• This magnetic field is similar to bar magnets, having both a north and a south pole which will attract or repel.

• When all the electrons are made to spin in the same orientation, they create a large enough magnetic field and the whole object becomes a magnet.

Homopolar Motor

Credit: Chemistry Experiment Vector Illustration By Vecteezy

CONCLUSION

• The battery, copper wire, screw, and magnet are all part of a complete circuit
• The electrons all move in one direction.
• A current creates a magnetic field
• There are two fields now: one generated by the magnet, and one generated by the moving electrons
• The two fields interact, and causes the screw to spin!
• This is called the homopolar motor, and is a simple representation of how most bigger motors work.

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QUESTIONS?

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