Significance of

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones

Glucose

Fructose

Poly hydroxyl groups

Aldehyde

Ketone

Nutritional Classification

Simple sugars

Complex sugars

Monosaccharides

Oligosaccharides

Digestible

Indigestible

• Glucose
• Fructose
• Mannose
• Galactose

• Maltose
• Lactose
• Sucrose
• Raffinose

• Starch
• Glycogen
• Dextrins

• Fibers

Physiological significance of ingested CHO

Normal Glucose level in Blood = 80-120mg/dl

Hypoglycemia & Hyperglycemia

Carbohydrate as Dietary Essential

We all need 150 g /day

Tired

Immunodeficiency

Muscle wasting

Die

Apathy

Low carbs diet & health implications

Glucose

Energy

• Water loss
• Sodium loss

Triglycerides

Low carbs diet and Muscle wasting

Protein

Energy

Breakdown

Loss of

muscle mass

Adequate

muscle mass

Amino acids

Glucose

Fiber and its importance

Fiber is an indigestible carbohydrate

Fiber

Soluble fiber

Insoluble fiber

• Pectins
• Gums
• Mucilages

• Cellulose,
• Hemicellulose
• Lignin

20 – 30 g of is a desirable intake

Soluble fiber

Insoluble fiber

Types and and sources of dietary fibres

How Soluble fiber works ?

Guava

Stomach

1. Mixed with digestive juice
2. Formation of gel matrix
3. Increases food viscosity

1. Entraps glucose, fats
2. Limits its absorption
3. Anti diarrhea

How Insoluble fiber works ?

Avocado

Stomach

1. Does not mixed with digestive juice

1. Bacteria metabolize fiber
2. Increases GI motility
3. Laxative action

Large intestine

Diabetes and its complications

Glycemic index - fiber

The potential of the food to rise the blood sugar level after its consumption

Fasting = 100 mg/dl

After food = 140 mg/dl

Functions of carbohydrates

Glycolipids

• Provide integrity
• Selective permeability

Proteins & Lipids

• Provide C, H, O

Synthesis of DNA & RNA

Carbohydrates and blood types

Other functions