Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
XII Sociology�Chapter: 1
Introduction to Indian Society
1st chapter:
Prior Knowledge of Sociology
Advantages and dis advantages
Self reflexivity
(സ്വയം പ്രതിഫലനം)
Social map
Common-sense Map
Demographic Structure of the Indian Society
Chapter II
XII Sociology
Demography
Types of demography
Theories of Demography
Malthusian theory
Demographic Transition theory
Common Concepts and
Indicators
Birth rate, Death rate, Growth Rate, dependency ratio etc.
Size and Growth of India’s PPn.
Age structure of Indian PPn.
Demographic dividend
Declining Sex ratio in India
Rural and urban Deference
2nd Chapter:
�Social institutions: �Continuity and change�
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Chapter 3
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Three major institutions that is central to Indian society, namely �
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Caste
Tribe
Family
ജാതി
ഗോത്രം
കുടുംബം
CASTE AND CASTE SYSTEM
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Listen the News paper Report
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
ഒളിച്ചോടുമെന്ന് ഭയന്ന് 17കാരിയെ മാതാപിതാക്കളും അമ്മൂമ്മയും ചേര്ന്ന് കൊലപ്പെടുത്തി�
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Caste in the Past
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Caste is a unique institution found in India.
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
It is Characteristics of Hindu society.
But caste is spread to even non-Hindu communities.
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
The word ‘caste’ is coming from Portuguese word ‘casta’ ‘pure breed -]cnip² hwiw -’ (meaning)
Varna and Jati.
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
‘Jati’
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
What are the �Characteristics of Caste??
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Watch the video�(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=868vY8XSB7o)
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Characteristic features of Caste
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Characteristic features of Caste
Theoretically –Casteism based on two principles.
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Colonialism and Caste
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Many British administrative officials- took great interest in- surveys and studies.
The British Govt. in India conducted methodological and intensive surveys on the customs and manners of different tribe and caste.
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Herbert Risley in 1901 took up collection of information on social hierarchy on caste.
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Question Time
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Recap – Previous Class
Caste
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Caste in the Present
Before Independence
19th C
Leaders
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Lower caste leaders:
Jotiba Phule
Ambedkar
Western India
Ayyankali
Sri Narayana Guru
Iyotheedass
Periyar (E.V. Ramaswamy Naickar)
South India
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
From 1920 onwards Gandhiji and Ambedker
started organizing protest against untouchability
Ayyankali (1863 - 1914)
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Born in Kerala,
leader of the lower castes and Dalits
Dalits got the freedom to walk on public roads
Dalit children were allowed to join schools.
Jotirao Govindrao Phule (1827-1890)
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Denounced Caste System
Scorned purity and pollution
Foounded Sathya Shodak Samaj -1873
Stood for Human rights and justice for lower castes
Savitri Bai Phule (1831-1897)
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
First HM of first girls school in Pune
Devoted to educating the Shudras
Night School for Shudras
Sri Narayana Guru (1856-1928)
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Preached brotherhood of all
Fought against caste system.
Social revolution
One caste, One religion, one god for all men.
Periyar (E.V. Ramasami Naickar) (1879-1973)
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Leader of lower castes in south India
All men are equal
Equality and liberty – birthright
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Anti-untouchability programmes became a significant part of the Congress agenda
Nationalist leaders was to treat caste as a social evil and as a colonial ploy to divide Indians.
Gandhiji worked hard for the uplift of lower castes.
After Independence:
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Govt. could not effectively deal with the problem of inequalities between upper and lower castes in economic and education terms.
Modern industry created all kinds of new jobs for which there were no caste rules.
Urbanization freed people of all castes higher and lower to live and work together.
Educated people began to evaluate a person on his individual merits not castes.
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
From 1980 caste based political parties have come up.
Politically Important Castes
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana
Bihar
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Punjab
Rajasthan
Maharashtra
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Sociologists and social anthropologists coined many new concepts to try and understand these processes of change. �Most common of these are �‘sanskritisation’ and ‘dominant caste’,
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
M. N Srinivas (1916-1999)
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Sanskritisation
Economic Development
Social Status
Very old- before
colonial
Not a Imitation
But Right
Dominant Caste
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
‘Absentee Landlords’
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
ഭൂപരിഷ്കരണ നിയമം.
വന്കിട ജന്മികളുടെ ഭൂ ഉടമസ്ഥാവകാശം എടുത്തുകളഞ്ഞു. (absentees landlords )
ഭൂമിയുടെ അവകാശം കൃഷി നടത്തിപ്പുകാരായ താഴെ തട്ടിലുള്ളവര്ക്ക് ലഭിച്ചു.
സാമ്പത്തിക അധികാരം കൈവന്നു.
Dominant Caste
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Yadavs of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Vokkaligas of Karnataka
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Reddys and Khammas of Andhra Pradesh
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Marathas of Maharashtra,
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Jats of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Patidars of Gujarat.
Discussion
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Discussion
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Caste is ‘invisible’ and Un important to upper caste
ഉയര്ന്ന ജാതിക്കാര്ക്ക് ജാതി അദൃശ്യവും അപ്രസക്തവുമാണ്.
ജാതികൊണ്ടുള്ള നേട്ടെങ്ങളെല്ലാം അനുഭവിച്ചു കഴിഞ്ഞു
സാമ്പത്തികവും വിദ്യാഭ്യാസപരവുമായ പദവി
ശാസ്ത്രം, സാങ്കേതിക വിദ്യ, വൈദ്യ ശാസ്ത്രം തുടങ്ങിയ പ്രഫഷണല് വിദ്യാഭ്യാസത്തിന്റെ എല്ലാ പ്രയോജനങ്ങളും ലഭിച്ചു.
സ്വാതന്ത്യ്രത്തിന് ശേഷം പൊതു മേഖലയിലെ തൊഴിലുകള് മുതലെടുക്കാന് കഴിഞ്ഞു.
മുന്നാം തലമുറയില്പെട്ടവര്ക്ക് മികച്ച ജീവിതാവസരങ്ങള് ലഭിച്ചു.
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Caste is ‘Visible’ and Important to the Lower caste.
താഴ്ന്ന ജാതിക്കാര്ക്ക് ജാതി ദൃശ്യവും പ്രസക്തവുമാണ്.
പട്ടിക ജാതി, പട്ടിക വര്ഗ്ഗം, മറ്റു പിന്നോക്ക വിഭാഗങ്ങള്
സാമ്പത്തികവും വിദ്യാഭ്യാസപരവുമായ നേട്ടം പൂര്വ്വികമായി ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല.
വിവേചനങ്ങള് സഹിക്കേണ്ടിവന്നു
രാഷ്ട്രം നടപ്പിലാക്കിയ സംവരണവും, നിയമങ്ങളുമാണ് തുണ.
അത്കൊണ്ട് ജാതി പ്രസക്തമായി
Recap – Previous Class
Caste – cont.
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Tribal Communities
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
They were not Hindus and peasants,
They did not practice any religion,
They had no political form,
They had no class division and
They had no castes
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Tribe
Permanent Trait
(സ്ഥിര സവിശേഷത)
Region
(പ്രദേശം)
Language
(ഭാഷ)
Physical Characters
Size
Ecological Habitat
(വാസസ്ഥലം)
Acquired Trait
(ആര്ജ്ജിത സവിശേഷത)
Mode of livelihood
Membership in Hindu Society
Classification of
Tribal Societies
= Permanent traits =
Region (പ്രദേശം)
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
85%
11%
Gujarat
Rajasthan
West Bengal
Orissa
Madhya Pradesh
Jharkhand
Chhattisgarh
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
North East States
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
North Eastern states have the highest Tribal concentrations
All states except Assam having concentrations of more than 30%
Arunachal Pradesh
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
60%-95%
Assam
In the rest of the country, less than 12% in all states except Orissa and Madhya Pradesh.
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
hills, forests, rural plains and urban industrial areas.
Ecological habitats
(പാരിസ്ഥിതിക വാസസ്ഥലം)
Language�The tribe belongs to four categories on the basis of Language.
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Indo- Arian (1%) - Bills
Dravidian (3%) - Gonds
Austric (100%) - Khasi
Tibeto- Burman (80%) - Bhutiya
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Language | |
In physical-racial terms�tribes are classified under the following categories
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Negrito
Australoid
Mongoloid
Dravidian and
Aryan
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Negrito
Mongoloid
Dravidian
Australoid
Aryan
The Andaman islanders are the smallest in number.
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Size
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Sandals Village
The total population of tribes amounts to about 8.4% (104 Million) of the population of India
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Watch the Video�(BBC Report – Uncontacted tribe)��https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKB46PTBJlA�
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
= ACQUIRED TRAITS =
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
1. On the basis of livelihood
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Fishermen
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Food gatherers and hunters
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Shifting cultivators
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Peasants and plantation
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Industrial workers
സോഷ്യോളജിയുടെ അഭിമാനം �– ജൂലൈ 2022 പരീക്ഷയില് ഫുള് മാര്ക്ക്
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
ഫാത്തിമ ഫര്സാന
ഷിഫ് ല എം.എഫ്
അഷിധ കെ.എസ്
അഭിനന്ദനങ്ങള്
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
2. Assimilation into Hindu society
From the tribe’s point of view,
From the mainstream point of view,
TRIBE – THE CAREER OF A CONCEPT
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
continuum with
Caste based peasant society?
Different kind of community?
In the 1960- two opinion about Tribe (Debate)
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
ഗോത്രങ്ങള്ക്ക് ജാതി-കര്ഷക സമൂഹത്തില്നിന്ന് അടിസ്ഥാനപരമായി വ്യത്യാസമില്ല.
സാമൂഹ്യ വിഭജനം കുറവായിരുന്നു.
വിഭവങ്ങളുടെ ഉടമസ്ഥാവകാശം വ്യക്തികള്ക്കല്ല സമുദായത്തിനായിരുന്നു.
Caste based peasant society
ഗോത്രങ്ങള് ജാതികളില്നിന്നും പൂര്ണ്ണമായും വ്യത്യസ്ഥരായിരുന്നു.
ജാതിവ്യവസ്ഥയുടെ അടിസ്ഥാനമായ ശുദ്ധ-അശുദ്ധ സങ്കല്പ്പം അവരില് ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല.
Different kind of community
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
By the 1970s all the major definitions of tribe were shown to be faulty.
• The tribe-peasantry distinction did not hold in terms of any of the commonly advanced criteria: size, isolation, religion, and means of livelihood.
Way through which tribes became part of �the Hindu society.
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Sanskritisation
Caste Hindus conquering the tribes and accepting them into the Shudras.
Acculturation (സംസ്കാര സംക്രമണം) – adopting the cultural traits of another group
Mainstream (Civilized society) Attitude towards Tribes
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
മുത്തങ്ങ സമരം
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
നിൽപ്പുസമരം
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
സമരാവശ്യങ്ങൾ
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Nilppu samaram –Song�(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVtJmlb_nYk)
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Colonialism…
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
ആദിവാസി വിഭാഗങ്ങള് എല്ലാ കാലത്തും
അടിച്ചമര്ത്തപ്പെട്ട വിഭാഗങ്ങളായിരുന്നില്ല
ഗർഹമണ്ഡല (ചന്ദ)
-രാജഭരണകൂടം- Middle India
പശ്ചിമ ഇന്ത്യയിലെ പല രജപുത്ര രാജ്യങ്ങളും
ആദിവാസി സമൂഹത്തില്നിന്ന് ഉയര്ന്നുവന്നവയാണ്
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
1940 -Isolation versus integration debate on Tribe
Isolationist View
Integrationist View
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Mainstream Attitude towards Tribes
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
National Development and Tribal Development
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Tribal Identity today
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Family and Kinship
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Family is an integral part of our lives.
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Social Institution
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
സ്വകാര്യ മണ്ഡലം
പൊതു മണ്ഡലം
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Structural Change of Family
War
Migration- Search for work
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Sometimes these changes are purposely brought about,
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
It is evident from the kind of changes that take place that not only have family
structures changed, but…
Cultural Ideas
Norms
(വഴക്കങ്ങള്)
Values
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Male-headed Family
Female-headed Family
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Nuclear Family
Extended Family
Structure
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Matrilocal Family
Patrilocal Family
Newly married couple stay with the bridegroom’s parents.
Newly married couple lives with the bride’s parents.
Residence
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Family’s inheritance through father
Family’s inheritance through Mother
Inheritance
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Patriarchal Family
Matriarchal Family
In the family men exercise authority and dominance
Women play major role in decision making
Authority
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL
Forms of family (Various Dimensions) | ||
Structure | Father, Mother and Unmarried children only | Nuclear |
Minimum three generation live together | Joint | |
Residence | Newly married couple stay with the bridegroom’s parents. | Patrilocal |
Newly married couple lives with the bride’s parents. | Matrilocal | |
Authority | In the family men exercise authority and dominance | Patriarchal |
Women play major role in decision making | Matriarchal | |
Inheritance | Family’s inheritance through father | Patrilineal |
Family’s inheritance through Mother | Matrilineal | |
……TANKS…..
Prepared By:
Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology),
WOVHSS MUTTIL
For more Teaching/Learning materials Visit:
www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com
Prepared By: Yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS MUTTIL