�����Intrinsic and extrinsic �motivations�
Dr. Subhash Meena
Asst. Professor,
Deptt. Of Psychology,
Vasanta College for Women,
Rajghat
Outline
Incentives
Consequences
Rewards
External Regulation
Introjected Regulation
Identified Regulation
Integrated Regulation
Intrinsic Motivation
The inherent desire to engage one’s interests and to exercise and develop one’s capacities.
“I am doing this because it is ….” type of motivation
engaged activity
interesting,
fun, enjoyable,
Satisfying psychological needs
(i.e., autonomy, competence, relatedness)
Intrinsic Motivation
Psychological
Need Satisfaction
Autonomy
Competence
Relatedness
Autonomy Support
from the
Environment and
One’s Relationships
Competence Support
from the
Environment and
One’s Relationships
Relatedness Support
from the
Environment and
One’s Relationships
Origins of Intrinsic Motivation
Benefits of Intrinsic Motivation
Persistence
Creativity
Conceptual Understanding/
High-Quality Learning
Optimal Functioning & Well-Being
The higher a person’s intrinsic motivation,
the greater will be his or her persistence on that task.
The greater people experience interest, enjoyment, satisfaction, and challenge of the work itself, the higher people being creative.
Flexible thinking,
Active information processing,
Learning in conceptual way…
Greater self-actualization,
Greater subjective vitality,
Less anxiety and depression,
Greater self-esteem….
Extrinsic Motivation
An environmentally created reason (e.g., incentives or consequences)
to engage in an action or activity.
“Do this in order to get that” type of motivation
requested behavior
extrinsic incentive or consequence
“What’s in it for me?” type of motivation
External Regulation of Motivation:
Incentives, Consequences, & Rewards
Incentives
Consequences
Rewards
Vs.
Negative Reinforcers
2. Punishers
An environmental
event that attracts
or repels a person
toward or away
from initiating
a particular course
of action.
(e.g., S: R)
Any offering from
one person given to
another person in
exchange for his or her
service or achievement.
Rewards
How Rewards Work—Do They Facilitate Desirable Behavior?
the unexpected, unintended, and adverse effects that extrinsic rewards sometimes have on intrinsic motivation, high-quality learning, and autonomous self-regulation.
Using A Reward To Engage Someone In An Activity
Intended Primary Effect
(Behavioral Engagement
in the Activity)
Unintended
Primary Effect
Process of Learning
Hidden Cost of Rewards:
Do Punishers Work?
Do They Suppress Undesirable Behavior?
Research shows that punishment is an ineffective motivational strategy (popular but ineffective nonetheless)
“side effects”
Negative Emotionality
(e.g.),
Impaired relationship between punisher and punishee.
Negative modeling
of how to cope with undesirable behavior in others.
Benefits of Incentives, Consequences, and Rewards
When there is no intrinsic motivation to be undermined (uninteresting tasks),
rewards can make an otherwise uninteresting task seem suddenly worth pursuing.
Preventing Undesirable behaviors such as biting
Increasing older adults’ participating in physical activity
Cognitive Evaluation Theory
All external events have two functions:
Control behavior
Inform competence
Any External Event (Rewards)�
“If you do X,
then you get Y.”
“Because you
were able to do X,
that means
you are effective,
competent.”
Controlling Function
Informational Function
Self-regulation undermined
1. Increases intrinsic motivation
2. Enhances high-quality learning.
3. Enhances self-regulation.
Types of Extrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation
External
Regulation
Introjected
Regulation
Identified
Regulation
Integrated
Regulation
Self-determination theory posits that different types of motivation can be organized
along a continuum of self-determination or perceived locus of causality.
Four Types of Extrinsic Motivation, Illustrated by Different Reasons of “Why I Recycle”
Self-Determination Continuum Showing Types of Motivation
Motivating Others To Do
Uninteresting Activities
Ways to Promote More Autonomous Types of Extrinsic Motivation
Providing a Rationale
to explain why the uninteresting activity is important and useful enough to warrant one’s volitional engagement
Building Interest
Involves first catching one’s situational interest in an activity and then holding that initial interest over time by developing an individual interest in the activity.
e.g.,
Building interest in a particular domain
Characteristics of the Environment
Object and activities
that are novel,
surprising, need-satisfying, and relevant
to one’s goals.
Characteristics of the person
Object and activities
That are novel,
surprising, need-satisfying, and relevant
to one’s goals.
Actualized
Experience of
Interest
Increased:
Builds Situational Interest
Builds Individual Interest
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