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Pollution Prevention and Control

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Dr. Sandeep Patil

Department of Chemistry

S. V. K. T. College, Deolali Camp, Nashik

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Main themes of presentation

Types of Pollution

Pollution In Facts and Figures

Pollution Control Measures

The PPC Division

Enforcement Mechanisms

Contact Us

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MAJOR TYPES OF POLLUTION

AIR POLLUTION

WATER POLLUTION

LAND POLLUTION

NOISE POLLUTION

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�Some Facts & Figures�

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�Some Facts & Figures�Distribution of Pollution-Related Complaints Received at the Ministry of Environment in 2014

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AIR POLLUTION

  • Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful materials into the Earth's atmosphere, causing disease, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment.

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MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS

  • CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

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  • SULPHUR OXIDES (SOx)

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  • NITROGEN OXIDES (NOx)

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  • CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)

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  • PARTICULATE MATTER (PM)

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SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

  • Emissions from Power stations

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  • Emissions from Industrial Processes

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  • Vehicular Emissions

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  • Emissions from Burning of Solid Waste

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  • Emissions from Natural Sources such as Volcanic Eruptions & Forest Fires

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CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION

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Control of air pollution

  • Standard for Air

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  • Laboratory equipment
    • – ambient air monitoring station
    • - portable gas analyser

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  • Smoke control Action plan

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Smoke Control Action Plan (SCAP)

AIM

To curb down the number of diesel driven vehicles emitting black smoke

  • Launched: August 2013
  • 2 Main Components:

- Enforcement (road side checks and contraventions of smoky vehicles by Police de L’Environnement)

- Sensitization campaign (TV and radio)

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Smoke Control Action Plan (SCAP)

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August 2013 to November 2014

-198 vehicles contravened

-104 Prohibition Notices (above 70%)

- 564 PF 71 have been served

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Smoke Control Action Plan (SCAP)

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WATER POLLUTION

  • Water pollution refers to the contamination of water bodies. These may include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater.

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MAJOR WATER POLLUTANTS

  • Organic Contaminants (Detergents, Herbicides, etc)
  • Inorganic Contaminants (Heavy Metals, Ammonia, etc)
  • Solid Waste (Plastics, Paper, Food waste)
  • Thermal Pollution (Discharge of warm water into water bodies by factories)

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SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION

  • Sewage
  • Runoff of Pesticides & Fertilizers
  • Solid Waste Disposal
  • Untreated Effluents from Industrial and other activities
  • Chemical and Oil Spills

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Sampling of Polluted Water By The National Environmental Laboratory

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LABORATORY TEST TO DETERMINE WATER QUALITY

  • Temperature
  • PH
  • Conductivity
  • TDS

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LAND POLLUTION

Land pollution refers to the deposition of solid or liquid waste materials on land or underground in a manner that can contaminate the soil and groundwater, threaten public health, and cause unsightly conditions and nuisances.

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SOURCES OF LAND POLLUTION

  • Domestic Solid Waste (Garbage, Rubbish, Trash)
  • Construction and Demolition Waste
  • Agricultural Waste
  • Industrial Waste

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NOISE POLLUTION

  • Noise is generally defined as unwanted sound.
  • Sound affects man physically, psychologically and socially
  • Noise may be continuous or intermittent and may be of high frequency or a low frequency

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SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION

  • Industrial (power plants, stone crushing, metal workshops, cabinet making);

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  • Multipurpose halls including wedding halls;
  • Bungalows along the coast;
  • Places of entertainment, including night clubs;
  • Road traffic e.g. moving trucks, automobiles, buses, especially those with modified silencer system;
  • Community noise e.g. radio/TV, loudspeakers, pool houses and alarms;
  • Animals e.g. dogs, cats, crows;
  • Use of loud speaker, amplifier, musical instrument, electrical or mechanical device for religious activities;
  • Aircrafts and speed boats;
  • Neighbourhood;
  • Machinery (generator sets, compressors, air conditioning units, boilers, pumps, motors);
  • Others, including construction works, road infrastructural works, public gathering, vibration, ice cream sellers, vendor shouts.

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HEALTH EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION

  • Hearing Loss ( including occupational hearing loss)

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  • Stress

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  • High Blood pressure

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  • Sleep Loss

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  • Distraction

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  • Productivity Loss

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  • Cause Irritability,

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  • headache

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  • Annoying and interfere with communications.

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NOISE CONTROL MEASURES�

An integrated approach is adopted towards noise pollution control through:

  • Mass sensitization;
  • Enforcement of the existing Noise Regulations;
  • Use of Noise Abatement Technologies;
  • Research in Novel Technologies;

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NOISE REGULATIONS IN MAURITIUS

A Sound Level

Meter Is Used To Measure Noise Levels.

Environmental Standards for Noise (Amendment) Regulations 2003

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NOISE ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGIES

Installation of barriers between the noise source and the receiver

Use of acoustics in the design of building such as double glazing

Installation of panels or enclosures

Green belt development such as the attenuation of sound levels by plantation of trees and shrubs can

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ROLE OF THE POLLUTION PREVENTION & CONTROL (PPC) Division

The PPC Division attends to all environmental complaints received at the Ministry and works in close coordination with the Post-EIA Division, the ICZM Division and the Police de L’Environnement.

Major types of environmental complaints addressed include pollution issues related to air, noise, water, solid waste and odour.

Complaints are usually handled via a mechanism called the Complaint-Handling Protocol.

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Enforcing Agencies

Enforcing Agency

Sphere of Responsibility / Pollution medium

Ministry of Health

Noise, Sanitary, Quality Control Of Drinking Water And Odour Nuisances

Ministry of Agro Industry

Pesticide Residue, Soil And Compost

Ministry of Fisheries

Waters In The Coastal Zone, Other Than Waters In The Port

Port Master

Waters In The Port

Wastewater Management Authority

Effluents

Water Resources Unit

inland waters (rivers, rivulets, dams etc..)

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Enforcing Agencies

Enforcing Agency

Sphere of Responsibility / Pollution medium

Ministry of Local Government

solid wastes and hazardous wastes

Local Authority

Cleaning of barelands

Removal of bulky wastes

Cleaning of drains & canals

Issue of building and land use permit, trade license etc

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Enforcement tools

Notices

  • Programme Notice
  • Enforcement Notice
  • Prohibition Notice
  • Stop Order
  • Eyesore abatement Notice
  • Fixed penalty

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