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Teaching Notes

  • Students get confused with the overlapping maps. It helps to establish that borders were fluid and many of these kingdoms warred, coexisted, etc.
    • Territory vs. Influence is a useful way to build complexity and establish the understanding that these were trading kingdoms.
  • Don’t have them shade the religions…too much shading. Just use colored arrows for direction.
  • Students already read textbook selection on Indian Ocean trade routes.
  • Larger blank map (Legal or A3) is better. More room for annotations.

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Southeast Asia in 1 Day

Units 1 & 2

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Indian Ocean Trade Network

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  • Transportation of bulk goods over the sea was cheaper.
  • Commerce between cities as opposed to states. Diasporic communities often formed in cities.
  • Environmental and cultural diversity helped trade expand.
  • Knowledge of monsoon winds, compass, and atsrolabe facilitated trade.

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Southeast Asia in 1 Day

Units 1 & 2

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Spread of Hinduism and Buddhism

  • Bhakti
  • Southeast Asia was a religious crossroads. Hinduism spread first from India followed by Buddhism.
  • Key sites were built to reflect this spread prior to 1200 CE.
  • Spread through merchants and missionaries.
    • Bhakti – Hindu tradition emphasizes personal devotion/connection to specific deity.

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Angkor Wat

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Borobudur

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Spread of Islam

  • Spread into Southeast Asia by Muslim merchants traveling the Indian Ocean trade routes. 
  • Diasporic communities developed in many cities.
  • Some Southeast Asian elites and rulers converted to Islam.
  • Buddhism and Hinduism predated Islam’s spread.
  • Sufism

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Chola Empire�300 BCE – 1279 CE

  • Hindu empire in Southern India. Thalassocracy
  • Influence extended throughout the Indian Ocean trade networks.
  • Land revenue and trade tax were main sources of income.

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Srivijaya �650 – 1377 CE

  • First unified kingdom to control much of the Malay archipelago.
  • Controlled valuable trade from China. Chinese merchant communities developed.
  • Capital at Palembang – Buddhist kingdom.
  • Example of Thalassocracy – maritime empire whose control does not extend far beyond coastal areas.

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Khmer Empire�802 – 1431 CE

  • Hindu kingdom
  • Initiated conflict with rivals including Champa, The Chola kingdom of southern India, and Srivijaya.
  • Most notable legacy – Angkor Wat – largest pre-industrial urban center in the world (12th century)
  • Rice farming economy

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Sukhothai Kingdom 1238 – 1438 CE

  • Originally a trade center under control of the Khmer Empire.
  • King Ram Khamhaeng credited with introduction of Thai script and Theravada Buddhism as state religion.
  • Declined and fell under sway of Ayutthaya.

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Sultanate of Malacca�1400 - 1511

  • Islamic kingdom in the Malay archipelago.
  • Result of growing Islamic influence in the area.
  • Capital Malacca
  • Controlled much Chinese trade – visited 6 times by Zheng He. Chinese merchant communities developed.
  • Overthrown by Portuguese in 1511.

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SAQ Practice

  1. Describe ONE way in which political structures were similar between Southern India and Northern India in the period c. 1200 – 1450.​
  2. Describe ONE way in which two kingdoms in Southeast Asia differed in the period c. 1200 – 1450.​
  3. Explain ONE example of Islamic influence in South and Southeast Asia during the period c. 1200 – 1450.

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