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Scheme of work development�

Stephen Owen & Nick Avery

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Rachel Hawkes

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Today’s talk

  • Principles and key features of NCELP SoW
  • Walk through of SoW document
  • Presentation of resources based on each strand of the SoW
  • Brief tour of the NCELP Resource Portal Collections

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Rachel Hawkes

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General considerations

  • Integration of the different strands of NCELP pedagogy: grammar, vocabulary and phonics
  • Resourcing to enable delivery of an appropriate KS3 curriculum, in line with this pedagogy
  • Grammar-driven schemes (rather than topic-based)
  • Useable for real-world planning purposes

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Rachel Hawkes

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Design features

  • Common format across languages
  • ‘Context’ column giving a broad idea of the purpose of the language each week, e.g., “Describing a thing or person”
  • ‘Notes’ column containing explanations of the language selected and/or ideas for teaching it
  • ‘Resources’ tab contains links to teaching sequences and other items on NCELP Resource Portal

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Rachel Hawkes

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Points to note

  • Objectives for each week in terms of grammar, vocabulary and phonics knowledge to be mastered
  • Schemes are not tiered, but offer scope for differentiation by the teacher
  • Weeks set aside for work on rich texts
  • Revision/assessment weeks in terms 2 and 3
  • Resourcing of the schemes has begun (available on NCELP resource portal)

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Rachel Hawkes

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Phonics: Definitions

Phonics teaching: explicit teaching of the relationships between letters and their sounds in written words

ch

au

d

ʃ

o

-

ch

aud

ʃ

o

Symbol-sound correspondences (SSCs): the systematic relationships between the written symbols and sounds (at any unit of size) in a given writing system.

Robert Woore

Phonological decoding (or ‘recoding’): “the ability to convert the visual print into its corresponding spoken form” Nassaji (2013)

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Rachel Hawkes

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Learning to read in different writing systems

‘Orthographic depth’ / ‘Phonological transparency’

The extent to which a writing system (‘orthography’) adheres to the principle of one-to-one mapping between written symbols and sounds

(🡪 How consistent are the symbol-sound mappings?)

I.e. in a completely shallow orthography:

  • each grapheme represents one and only one phoneme;
  • each phoneme is represented by one and only one grapheme

Can you think of one such writing system?

🡪 Can you put these writing systems in order of orthographic depth?

deep

shallow

Robert Woore

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Rachel Hawkes

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How good are UK L2 learners at decoding?

  • Research in UK MFL classrooms suggests that, in the absence of explicit instruction:
  • students are not very good at phonological decoding (reading aloud);
  • they seem to make little progress in this area;
  • English spelling-sound links remain stubbornly entrenched;
  • students may know that words should sound different to English, but not know how they should sound.

(Sources: Erler, 2003, 2004; Erler & Macaro, 2012; Porter, 2014, forthcoming; Woore, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2018)

Robert Woore

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Rachel Hawkes

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These words get more ridiculous as we go along

Some of these don't even look like real words. I reckon you're just trying to trick me

They're like really weird words, like they don't exist

I don't know because most of them look like gibberish basically

Robert Woore

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Rachel Hawkes

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FLEUR study – findings (pre- / post- tests)

  • Explicit phonics instruction led to greater progress in phonological decoding
  • Statistically significant after controlling for prior attainment
  • Pen-and-paper decoding test: less sensitive than Reading Aloud Task, so actual gains may have been greater!
  • No difference between groups in reading comprehension outcomes
  • Phonics group made significantly more gains in vocabulary knowledge
  • Vocab knowledge is known to be a key contributor to all language skills!

Robert Woore

Woore, R., Graham, S., Porter, A., Courtney, L. and Savory, C. (2018) Foreign Language Education: Unlocking Reading (FLEUR) - A study into the teaching of reading to beginner learners of French in secondary school.

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Phonics strand (1)

  • Explicit teaching of the key SSCs in each language
  • Short practice slots each lesson (e.g. 10 minutes)
  • French teaches two new SSCs per week
  • Spanish and German present new SSCs individually or in pairs / groups of closely related SSCs, where relevant (e.g. CA, CO, CU)
  • Further suggestions for phonics practice in teacher notes

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Phonics strand (2)

  • Source and cluster words used for phonics practice
  • These words are high-frequency and often (near-)cognates
  • Their meanings can be learnt incidentally
  • Some may also be used in a planned vocabulary set

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Word frequency

  • Top 2000 words cover 80-87% of written text (Nation, 2001; Nation & Waring, 1997).
  • 90+% of words in informal conversation (Nation, 2001)
  • This can inform vocabulary choice in FL teaching & assessment.
  • MFL pedagogy review:

“A consequence of not attending to frequency of occurrence in vocabulary choice is pupils realising that they cannot say or understand basic things in the language.”(TSC MFL Pedagogy Review, 2016)

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Sources of frequency data

They list the 5000 most frequent words in each language.

Based on large corpora of spoken and written language.

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Frequency tagging of AQA core vocabulary lists (GCSE)

Spanish

French

German

52%

53%

38%

% unique words within

1-2000 range

Highlights the need for explicit, principled explanation of vocabulary selection and how this is used in assessment.

Learners sit GCSE MFL with <1000 words on average (Milton, 2006; Milton & Alexiou, 2009). Every word needs to be carefully chosen!

High frequency reflects transferability across contexts

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Rachel Hawkes

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Vocabulary strand (1)

  • 10 new words per week on average

  • Word selection informed by

    • Word frequency – largely words in 2000 most frequent
    • Building a verb lexicon from early stages
    • Mixed word classes, allows sentence creation from start
      • But words selected to support the grammar
    • Relevance to grammar and phonics

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Rachel Hawkes

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Vocabulary strand (2)

  • Systematic revisiting at 3 week and 9 week intervals, mainly outside of lessons using CALL

  • Resources recycle previously learnt vocabulary

  • Notes column in SoW identifies opportunities to revisit words that tie in with grammar / context of language use.

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Rachel Hawkes

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Grammar: Key issues

Key issue 1: What order should grammar be taught in?

    • What determines the difficulty of grammar?
    • What grammar can we expect learners to use, and when?

Key issue 2: What are the best ways to teach grammar?

    • Effective ways to introduce, embed and consolidate, and extend grammar

Rowena Kasprowicz / Emma Marsden

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Rachel Hawkes

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Key issue 1: What order should grammar be taught in?

  • There is little strong evidence to support one prescribed order for teaching grammar
  • Many factors affect what can effectively be taught and learnt and when (e.g. the grammar feature, learner characteristics, task modality, context)
  • But we do know…
    • The introduction of whole ‘paradigms’ at once has little support from research
    • Learners can only pay attention to a limited number of features at any one time
    • Introducing and practising pairs of grammar features with contrasting meanings (or functions) leads to accurate understanding and use of the target grammar features.
    • Regular practice and re-visiting are necessary

(DeKeyser, 2005; DeKeyser, 2015; Ellis, 2006; Mitchell, Myles, & Marsden, 2019; VanPatten, 2004)

Rowena Kasprowicz & Emma Marsden

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Rachel Hawkes

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Key issue 1 (continued): What grammar can we expect learners to use, and when?

  • Learners need to understand the meaning (or function) of grammar before producing it
  • There is often a difference between the grammar learners understand (in reading or listening) and the grammar learners can produce accurately (in speech or writing)
  • The grammar learners can produce in writing is often different from the grammar they can use in (more spontaneous) speaking
  • Once knowledge has been practised, it can become “skill-specific”
    • This means that it can be less useful for other skills: if it has been practised and proceduralised for one purpose, the knowledge is less transferable to other purposes
  • Therefore, learners need lots of practice in both modalities (oral and written) and both modes (comprehension and production)

(Bui & Skehan, 2018; DeKeyser, 2015; Mitchell, Myles, & Marsden, 2019; VanPatten, 2004)

Rowena Kasprowicz / Emma Marsden

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Rachel Hawkes

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Brief summary of key principles for teaching grammar

To help learners connect grammatical features to their meaning (or function) in order to develop accurate use across modalities (oral and written) and modes (comprehension and production), it is important to:

  1. Focus on pairs or very small sets of features and avoid introducing and practising whole paradigms at once, especially in the early stages.
  2. Provide a short, explicit explanation
  3. Strip out other cues so that the learner has to pay attention to the grammar and its meaning in the input (reading / listening)
  4. Establish and practise grammatical knowledge in reading and listening
  5. Give plenty of practice in producing the grammar in writing and speaking activities that make the grammar matter to communicate meaning
  6. Gradually move from scaffolded production practice to more meaningful, freer production practice

Rowena Kasprowicz / Emma Marsden

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Rachel Hawkes

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Grammar strand (1)

  • Broad parity across languages in terms of key features
  • BUT … driven by language-specific characteristics
  • Schemes err on the side of slower progression, allowing for more practice of features introduced
  • Highly frequent irregular verbs form the basis at the start
  • Moving to highly regular and frequent verbs

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Rachel Hawkes

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Grammar strand (2)

  • Greatly reduces 'chunking' of rote-learned language
    • Promotes true manipulation of language
  • Pairs of verb forms (e.g. je versus tu) presented and their meanings contrasted
  • Often introduces and practises features over a two-week period e.g., je, tu and il forms of the verb
    • But pairs of forms contrasted at a time

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Rachel Hawkes

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Grammar strand (3)

  • Re-visiting of grammar in 'Grammar' column
  • Where possible, information gaps in practice activities
  • Activities allow for differing levels of support to be provided

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Rachel Hawkes

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Scheme of work - overview tab

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Scheme of work - main Y7 tab

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Scheme of work – week view�

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Rachel Hawkes

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Scheme of work – resources tab

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Rachel Hawkes

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Scheme of work – word list

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Rachel Hawkes

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Presentation of [GI] SSC with source & cluster words

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Rachel Hawkes

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Practice of SSC [GE] and [GI] – alphabetical read aloud

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Rachel Hawkes

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Grammar explanation – singular definite article

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Vocabulary presentation slides

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Rachel Hawkes

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Reading�

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Rachel Hawkes

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Spanish -> English translation

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Rachel Hawkes

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Paired speaking/listening

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Rachel Hawkes

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Paired speaking/listening/writing - example

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Paired speaking/listening/writing - answers

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Lesson 2 – text exploitation activity�

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Rachel Hawkes

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Vocabulary revision

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Rachel Hawkes

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Grammar – definite vs indefinite article

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Rachel Hawkes

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Reading

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Rachel Hawkes

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Paired speaking/listening/writing - example

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Rachel Hawkes

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Homework – vocabulary pre-learning & revisiting (with audio)

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Vocabulary Learning Homework

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Rachel Hawkes

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Phonics�

Year 7 French

Term 1.1 - Week 1

Stephen Owen / Rachel Hawkes

Date updated: 05/01/20

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Rachel Hawkes

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Silent final consonant

Rachel Hawkes

dans

X

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Rachel Hawkes

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Rachel Hawkes

Silence!

prix

grand

petit

dans

X

mot

mais

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Rachel Hawkes

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Rachel Hawkes

prix

mot

grand

petit

mais

€15.95

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Rachel Hawkes

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Rachel Hawkes

mot

grand

petit

mais

prix

Secondes

60

0

DÉBUT

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Rachel Hawkes

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Rachel Hawkes

Silence!

prix

mot

grand

petit

mais

dans

X

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Rachel Hawkes

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Rachel Hawkes

Secondes

60

0

DÉBUT

petit�grand�mot�mais�prix

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Rachel Hawkes

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Rachel Hawkes

€15.95

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Rachel Hawkes

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a

animal

Stephen Owen / Rachel Hawkes

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Rachel Hawkes

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mal

animal

table

malade

ça va ?

sac

a

Stephen Owen / Rachel Hawkes

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Rachel Hawkes

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mal

animal

table

malade

ça va ?

sac

a

Stephen Owen / Rachel Hawkes

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Rachel Hawkes

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mal

animal

table

malade

ça va ?

sac

a

Stephen Owen / Rachel Hawkes

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Rachel Hawkes

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Vocabulary

Y7 French

Term 1.1 - Week 1

Victoria Hobson / Emma Marsden

Date updated: 07/01/20

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Rachel Hawkes

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Masculine

Feminine

grand

grande

petit

petite

anglais

anglaise

français

française

Meaning

big

small

English

French

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Rachel Hawkes

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Être: Je suis & tu es�

To be | being: I am & you are

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I am & you are

Victoria Hobson / Emma Marsden

To say ‘you are’, use tu es. This is the second person singular.

You are small.

Je suis

Je suis français.

You are French.

Tu es français.

I am French.

Je suis petit.

I am small.

Tu es petit.

Je suis malade.

I am unwell.

Tu es malade.

You are unwell.

Tu es

‘am’ and ‘are’

are part of the verb ‘to BE’

In French, to say ‘I am’, use je suis.

This is the first person singular of the verb être.

Remember, don’t pronounce the ‘s’

Silent Final Consonant!

Remember, don’t pronounce the ‘s’.

Silent Final Consonant!

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Opposites attract?

You have read interviews where boys discuss their friendship. Look at the verb. Work out whether ‘I…’ or ‘you...’ is being described. Then, write the English adjectives.�Are the friends similar or different?

Interview 1

Interview 2

1

es grand

5

suis grand

2

suis petit

6

es petit

3

suis anglais

7

es français

4

es français

8

suis anglais

Lire

Victoria Hobson

small

English

big

French

big

English

small

French

I

You

I

You

Interview 1

Interview 2

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Rachel Hawkes

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Hit or miss?

You are in a noisy café. You can only hear parts of the conversations. �Listen carefully to the verb. �Is the person is describing themselves (‘I’…) or the person they are talking to (‘you…’)?

Écouter

Victoria Hobson

I

I

You

I

You

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

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Rachel Hawkes

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Hit or miss?

You are in a noisy café. You can only hear parts of the conversations. �Listen carefully to the verb. �Is the person is describing themselves (‘I’…) or the person they are talking to (‘you…’)?

1

es grand

5

suis malade

2

suis petit

6

es calme

3

suis anglais

7

es aimable

4

es cool

8

suis français

Écouter

Victoria Hobson

I

I

You

You

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Rachel Hawkes

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Talking! Parler!

Parler

Victoria Hobson

Partner B

Pick a pronoun (‘je’ or ‘tu’).

Pick an adjective.

Create a sentence.

Partner A

Translate into English

“Tu es

français.”

“You are French.”

Remember, don’t pronounce the ‘s’

Silent Final Consonant!

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Rachel Hawkes

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Writing! Écrire!

Écrire

Victoria Hobson

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Rachel Hawkes

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Adjective Agreement�

Masculine & feminine singular

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Adjective agreement

Victoria Hobson / Emma Marsden

In French, when an adjective describes a feminine noun, the adjective’s spelling and sometimes its sound change.

The most common change is to add an ‘e’ to the end of the adjective.

(This is for adjectives not already ending in ‘e’.)

Masculine

Il est anglais.

She is English.

Feminine

Elle est anglaise.

He is English.

You pronounce the ‘s’ when there is an ’e’ at the end.

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Adjective agreement

Pronunciation can change when adding an ‘e’ to an adjective describing a feminine noun.

Remember the two rules: Silent Final Consonant & Silent Final ‘e’.

Masculine

Il est anglais.

Silent final ‘e’.

Feminine

Elle est anglaise.

Silent final consonant.

The ‘s’ is not pronounced.

The ‘e’ is not pronounced.

The ‘s’ is pronounced.

An ‘e’ at the end, means you pronounce the final consonant.

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Lire

je suis francais et grand

@fortnightmegafan

Isobella

Ludovic

je suis grand et anglais

@coolkat

Didier

Coco

je suis petit et français

@sportster91

David

Amie

je suis anglais et petit

@fashionista

Chloe

Martin

je suis anglaise et grande

@luvtoshop

Emilie

Eddie

je suis grande et française

@crazeeTee

Thalia

Toby

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

je suis petite et française

@booboo456

je suis anglaise et petite

@moviestar

7)

8)

Bella

Paul

Elodie

You are getting to know some French students online. �But @usernames don’t tell you if the person is male or female. �Look carefully at the adjective. Write 1-8 and M (male) or F (female).

Victoria Hobson

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Rachel Hawkes

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Paul

Zara

Isobel

Anna

Chloe

Luc

Pierre

Marc

Écouter

C’est qui?

Some students have got lost. The teacher describes them. �Listen to the adjectives and write the correct names.

Marc

Pierre

Zara

Paul

Isobel

Anna

Luc

Chloe

Victoria Hobson

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

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Rachel Hawkes

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Victoria Hobson

Masculine

Feminine

grand

grande

petit

petite

anglais

anglaise

français

française

Meaning

big

small

English

French

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Rachel Hawkes

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Paul

Zara

Isobel

Anna

Chloe

Luc

Pierre

Marc

Parler

Partner A

Partner B

C’est qui?

(adjective)+(adjective)

C’est …(name)

Victoria Hobson

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Rachel Hawkes

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Paul

Zara

Isobel

Anna

Chloe

Luc

Pierre

Marc

Écrire

1

2

3

4

5

6

Now choose to write the descriptions for six of these young people.

e.g., Zara est anglaise et grande.

Victoria Hobson

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Rachel Hawkes

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Today’s talk

  • Principles and key features of NCELP SoW
  • Walk through of SoW document
  • Presentation of resources based on each strand of the SoW
  • Any questions?
  • Brief tour of the NCELP Resource Portal Collections

Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Rachel Hawkes

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  • Davies, M., & Davies, K. (2018). A frequency dictionary of Spanish: Core vocabulary for learners (2nd ed.). London: Routledge
  • Jones, R., & Tschirner, L. (2006). A frequency dictionary of German: Core vocabulary for learners. London: Routledge
  • Lonsdale, D. & Le Bras. Y. (2009). A frequency dictionary of French: Core vocabulary for learners. London: Routledge
  • Milton, J. (2006). Language Lite: Learning French vocabulary in school. Journal of French Language Studies, 16, 187-205.
  • Milton, J. and Alexiou, T. (2009). Vocabulary size and the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. In B. Richards., Daller, M., Malvern, D., Meara, P., Milton, J., & Treffers-Daller (Eds.) Vocabulary studies in first and second language acquisition. The interface between theory and application. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Nation, P. (2001). How good is your vocabulary program? ESL Magazine, 4(3), 22-24.
  • Nation, P. & Waring, R. (1997). Vocabulary size, text coverage and word lists. In N. Schmitt., & M. McCarthy (Eds.) Vocabulary: Description, acquisition and pedagogy (pp. 6-19). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • TSC (2016). Modern Foreign Languages Pedagogy Review. A review of modern foreign languages teaching practice in key stage 3 and key stage 4. (Chair: Ian Bauckham). Teaching Schools Council.

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Rachel Hawkes